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101.
Genetic population structures along the Japanese coast, analyzed by sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA COI region, were
determined for four intertidal brachyuran species in the superfamily Thoracotremata (Ocypode ceratophthalma, Gaetice depressus, Chiromantes dehaani and Deiratonotus japonicus), which were characterized by different habitat requirements. O. ceratophthalma (seashore; supratidal sand) and C. dehaani (estuarine; supratidal marsh) showed no significant genetic differentiation among Japanese populations. The Japanese populations
of O. ceratophthalma, however, were found to genetically differentiated from the Philippine population. G. depressus (seashore; intertidal cobbles) exhibited significant genetic differentiation between the Amami-Ohshima population and other
local populations. D. japonicus (estuarine; intertidal cobbles) showed significant genetic differentiation among many local populations separated by about
30–1,200 km. The different patterns of genetic population structure recorded for the four species, thus, do not simply correspond
to habitat type.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
102.
Microbial activity and accumulation of organic matter in the burrow of the thalassinidean mud shrimp, Upogebia major, were studied on a tidal flat along the northern coast of Tokyo Bay, Japan. The burrow of U. major is Y-shaped with an upper U-shaped part plus a lower I-shaped part. Its lower part can extend to a depth of 2 m. In the present
study, we compare electron transport system activity (ETSA), bacterial abundance and organic matter content [total organic
carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll a (chl. a)] of the burrow wall sediment with the tidal flat surface and non-burrow sediments. We also compared the U- and I-shaped
part in terms of these parameters. ETSA in the burrow wall was higher than at the tidal flat surface in the warmer season,
and was always higher than at surrounding non-burrow sediments. Bacterial abundance in the burrow wall was higher than at
the tidal flat surface and surrounding sediment. TOC and TN contents in the burrow wall were two to three times higher than
those at the tidal flat surface and non-burrow sediments, regardless of season. However, there was no significant difference
in chl. a content between burrow wall and tidal flat surface. These results suggest that organic enrichment of the burrow wall is a
result of organic matter particles such as phytodebris accumulation along the burrow wall. For all parameters of the burrow
walls, no statistical differences were found between the two parts. Present results indicate that U. major actively transports the water containing suspended organic particles not only through the U-part but also into the deeper
I-part. These indicate that burrow of the mud shrimp provides a dynamic environment for microbial community in tidal flat
sediment. 相似文献
103.
Interval between reproductive events is an important factor for iteroparous animals because it determines the number of clutches
throughout life. This study examined whether female size, clutch size, shell size and prenuptial molting affected the clutch
interval in the hermit crab Pagurus nigrivittatus. Precopulatory guarding pairs of P. nigrivittatus were sampled in the field and kept in the laboratory until the female extruded eggs. The clutch interval of each female was
assessed as one of two types of relatively “short” and “long” intervals by checking whether the guarded female had eggs and/or
egg cases from the preceding brood or not when the guarding pair was collected. The clutch interval was longer in females
with prenuptial molting than those without molting and these females usually grew larger at the prenuptial molt. This suggests
that female P. nigrivittatus with a long interval might allocate energy into growth at the expense of the number of clutches during the current reproductive
season. The allocation to growth is theoretically predicted to decrease with female size. Gastropod shell size is also known
to affect the reproductive activity in hermit crabs. However, female size did not significantly affect the clutch interval
in P. nigrivittatus, and the effect of gastropod shell size on clutch interval was not consistent with previous empirical studies. These results
may be caused by differences in the gastropod species of shell occupied by the females of P. nigrivittatus. 相似文献
104.
Large-scale evaluation of the current level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from 13 regions of Japan 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Eslami B Koizumi A Ohta S Inoue K Aozasa O Harada K Yoshinaga T Date C Fujii S Fujimine Y Hachiya N Hirosawa I Koda S Kusaka Y Murata K Nakatsuka H Omae K Saito N Shimbo S Takenaka K Takeshita T Todoriki H Wada Y Watanabe T Ikeda M 《Chemosphere》2006,63(4):554-561
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in 2004 in 105 breast milk samples collected from 13 regions of Japan (Hokkaido, Akita, Miyagi, Tokyo, Gifu, Fukui, Kyoto, Hyogo, Wakayama, Shimane, Yamaguchi, Kochi and Okinawa). Six congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153 and BDE-154) were determined by gas chromatography /mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total PBDE levels ranged from 0.01 to 23.0 ng/g lipid (geometric mean (GM), 1.34 ng/g lipid). BDE-47 (GM, 0.66 ng/g lipid, 59% of sigmaPBDE) was the most abundant congener present in breast milk and was detected in 99% of the samples. Total PBDE levels were higher in northern Japan than in other regions. We analyzed the effects of occupation, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and number of deliveries on total PBDE levels. None of these factors were significantly associated with the level of PBDEs. The present study revealed that the current level of exposure to PBDEs in Japan is lower than that in the USA or Sweden. GMs (ng/g lipid) (GSD, geometric standard deviation) and medians (ng/g lipid) of PBDE levels in each district are as follows: Hokkaido 2.70 (1.70), 2.74; Akita 4.49 (2.19), 5.44; Miyagi 1.77 (4.37), 1.11; Tokyo 1.39 (2.09), 1.63, Gifu 2.83 (4.79), 2.23; Fukui 1.05 (2.34), 1.18; Kyoto 1.31 (2.95), 1.33; Hyogo 1.02 (2.69), 0.88; Wakayama 1.33 (3.80), 1.70; Shimane 0.83 (2.51), 0.66; Yamaguchi 1.74 (2.82), 1.76; Kochi 0.50 (2.69), 0.74 and Okinawa 1.91 (2.75), 1.22. This is the first large-scale study of current PBDE levels in breast milk in Japan. 相似文献
105.
Many observations are reported that organic mercury compounds are involved in increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, the issue of which substances on the cell membrane participate in the Ca2+ uptake that is induced by ethyl mercury is unclear. The findings of this study suggest that the P2X receptor participates in this process. The uptake of Ca2+ by C8-B4 cells was induced in the presence of ethyl mercury. Ca channels in the cell membrane were not affected in this process. In contrast, pretreatment with suramin, an antagonist of the P2X receptor, inhibited the Ca2+ uptake induced by ethyl mercury, and also brilliant blue G, a nonselective antagonist of P2×4, P2×5, and P2×7 receptors. In addition, A438079 and A740003, selective antagonists of P2×7 receptor, reduced Ca2+ uptake, while 5-BDBD, a selective antagonist of P2×4 receptor, did not. Furthermore, the mRNAs of both the P2×4 and P2×7 receptors were expressed in the presence of ethyl mercury, but the P2×5 receptor mRNA was not. These findings suggest that ethyl mercury may induce Ca2+ uptake through the P2×7 receptor of the cell membrane. 相似文献
106.
107.
Atsumi Miyake Hidefumi Kobayashi Hiroshi Echigoya Shiro Kubota Yuji Wada Yuji Ogata Hiroyuki Arai Terushige Ogawa 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):584-588
To better understand the detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube tests were carried out for AN/AC mixtures of various compositions and different forms of AN (powdered, prilled, phase stabilized and granular), and the detonation velocity was measured. The powdered AN/AC mixtures gave higher detonation velocities than the other AN forms. For all the AN/AC mixtures, the experimentally observed detonation velocities at each loading density were far below the theoretically predicted values calculated by the CHEETAH code based on thermohydrodynamics, exhibiting so-called non-ideal detonation. The lowest detonation velocity of powdered AN/AC mixtures was obtained as D=1.25 km/s for an AC content of 0.1 wt%. This was considered to be close to the critical condition for stable detonation. 相似文献