Effects of nature organic matters and hydrated metal oxides on the anaerobic degradation of lindane, p, p '-DDT and HCB in sediments

Effects of natural organic matters(NOM) and hydrated metal oxides(HMO) in sediments on the anaerobic degradation of γ-666,p, p‘-DDT and HCB were investigated by means of removing NOM and HMO in Liaohe River sediments sequentially. The results showed that the anaerobic degradation of γ-666, p, p‘ -DDT and HCB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in different sediments. But, the extents and rates of degradation were different, even the other conditions remained the same. Anaerobic degradation rates of γ-666, p, p ‘-DDT and HCB were 0.020 d^-1, 0.009 d^-1 and 0.035 month^-1 respectively for the sediments without additional carbon resources. However, with addition ofcarbon resources, the anaerobic degradation rates of γ-666, p, p‘-DDT and HCB were 0.071 d^1, 0.054 d^-1 and 0.088 month^-1 in the original sediments respectively. After removing NOM, the rates were decreased to 0.047 d^-, 0.037 d^-1 and 0.066 month^-1 ; in thesediments removed NOM and HMO, the rates were increased to 0.067 d^-1 , 0.059 d^-1 and 0.086 month^-1 . These results indicated that NOMin the sediments accelerated the anaerobic degradation of γ-666, p, p‘-DDT and HCB ; the HMO inhibited the anaerobic degradation of γ-666,p, p ‘-DDT and HCB.     

循环经济立法研究--模式选择与范围限制

发展循环经济是我国未来社会可持续发展的最佳模式选择，法律应该保障和促进循环的形成和发展。本文分析了循环经济的内涵、特征及其法治化，并对国外循环经济立法作了系统分类，在分析了我国循环经济立法应考量的因素、指导思想和限制条件的基础上，提出我国应选择的循环经济立法模式以及立法范围的限制。     

长江中游稻田土壤有机碳计算机模拟

分别用作者建立的土壤有机碳计算机模拟模型 (简称SCNC模型 )和英国洛桑模型 (ROTHC 2 6 .3)对长江中游 (湖南桃江和南县 )稻田土壤有机碳变化进行了模拟比较研究。结果表明 ,用SCNC模型模拟平衡时土壤有机碳含量与实际监测值较接近 ,相差分别为 0 .1和 0 .4 5t/hm2 ,误差分别为 0 .2 4 %和 0 .98% ;对稻田土壤有机碳变化的模拟 ,SCNC模型的拟合结果较好 ,利用相对标准误差法计算的误差为 4 .84 %～ 11.0 9% ,其中 6个处理有 5个处理的误差小于 10 %。对模拟结果进行误差概率统计 ,<± 5的占 5 2 .8% ,<± 10的占 81.9%。而洛桑模型不适合长江中游稻田土壤有机碳的模拟 ,按实际投入有机碳模拟平衡时土壤有机碳含量与实际监测值相比 ,分别低 11.4 1和13.32t/hm2 ,误差分别为 2 7.12 %和 2 9.0 1%。同时 ,对模型模拟结果的评价方法也进行了比较研究     

环渤海滨海湿地土壤磷形态特征研究

利用SMT分级方法和液相31P核磁共振分析方法,研究了环渤海典型滨海湿地表层土壤磷形态.结果发现,湿地土壤中总磷在410.35~691.57 mg·kg-1之间,其中以HCl-P为主,占总磷的46.67%~82.95%;较易释放的Na OH-P含量较少,占4.98%~22.31%;同时,由于有机质含量丰富,有机磷含量也较高,在受水产养殖污染的湿地中,有机磷含量明显偏高.使用31P-NMR技术在湿地土壤中共检测到6类磷化合物:正磷酸盐(Ortho-P)、磷酸单酯(Mono-P)、磷脂(Lipid-P)、DNA磷(DNA-P)、焦磷酸盐(Pyro-P)及膦酸盐(Phon-P),其中以正磷酸盐为主,含量在181.69~350.64 mg·kg-1之间;磷酸单酯为有机磷的主要组分,占总量的5.25%~37.17%.渤海湾南部湿地土壤中有机磷含量明显高于北部湿地,以稳定性较高的磷酸单酯为主,同时,DNA磷较多地存在于南部湿地,北部湿地含量极少,说明南部湿地微生物活性较高.     

Atmospheric methanethiol emitted from a pulp and paper plant on the shore of Lake Baikal

On-site measurement of methanethiol (CH₃SH) was performed for three years on ships and cars near a pulp and paper plant standing on the shore of Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia, to investigate the behavior and impact of atmospheric CH₃SH emitted from a point source. Despite its strong odor, there are few reports on atmospheric CH₃SH, while many investigations have been carried out on dimethyl sulfide (DMS). In this work, CH₃SH and DMS were measured every 15 min by a recently developed automated instrument based on single column trapping/separation and chemiluminescence measurement. Hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and ozone were also measured simultaneously by individual instruments. Of these sulfur compounds, CH₃SH was dominant and its concentration sometimes reached several tens of ppbv. The concentration of CH₃SH was high at night, because of the lack of photodecomposition and local winds from the mountain to the lake. Such time variation was marked in the summer. The CH₃SH level decreased significantly downwind, while decreases in concentrations of other compounds such as DMS and SO₂ were relatively small. From these temporal and spatial variations, the behavior of CH₃SH is described in this paper. The impact of CH₃SH near the Siberian big sources is discussed with the presented data.     

人体接触挥发性有机化合物的生物标志物

生物标志物是阐明接触与健康损害之间关系的工具。综述了３７ 篇文献,简单论述了挥发性有机化合物的各种生物标志物,这些生物标志物包括暴露生物标志物,效应生物标志物和易感性生物标志物。还简述了各种生物标志物之间的相互关系,并介绍了各种生物标志物的研究现状和发展前景,以及应用它们来评价ＶＯＣｓ对人体健康的影响。     

城市快速路交通噪声分布特征及污染现状

为了解快速路交通噪声的分布特征及污染现状,对城市快速路的交通噪声进行监测,结果表明,噪声随车流量的增大而升高,同时受车辆类型等其他因素的影响;随着与快速路水平距离的增大,交通噪声值呈下降趋势,特别是在距离快速路路沿前40 m内噪声衰减尤为明显;距高架道路不同水平距离处的噪声声场垂直分布规律基本一致,但距离高架道路较远处的敏感建筑物噪声值最高点楼层有所上移;快速路旁噪声敏感点交通噪声超标情况严重。     

黄壤坡面土壤分离速率研究

黄壤坡面侵蚀是长江中上游泥沙的主要原因之一,因此对该地区的土壤分离过程的量化研究对土壤侵蚀机理研究的深入和水土流失防治具有一定的理论和实践意义。通过变坡水槽冲刷实验,研究了黄壤坡面土壤分离速率与坡度、流量及主要水动力参数间的关系,探寻模拟土壤分离过程的最优参数。试验结果表明：土壤分离速率与流量、坡度和多个水动力学参数都呈正相关关系。坡度和流量的幂指数均＞1,表明二者在实验测定范围内对土壤分离速率有叠加增大作用。水流功率（R2=0.93）与土壤分离速率拟合方程的决定系数最高,表明用水流功率来描述土壤分离速率能获得更多有效信息。当单位水流功率＞0.281 m/s后,土壤分离速率随其增大而剧烈增加。但是径流剪切力（与土壤分离速率的决定系数为R2=0.83）值的计算只需获得坡度和水深等数据,水流功率值的计算不仅要采集坡度和水深等数据,还要获得流速等获取难度相对较大的数据。因此,采用径流剪切力来描述土壤分离较水流功率更为方便,而采用水流功率来估算土壤分离速率更为精确。     

生物质活性炭的制备及其染料废水中的应用

以城市污水厂活性污泥为原料,用3 mol/L ZnCl2溶液活化,通入水蒸气作活化气制备活性炭吸附剂.实验结果表明,温度为600℃条件下,活化时间为1 h,制得的活性炭其碘吸附值为374.10 mg/g,比表面积为381.62 m2/g,孔容积为0.25 cm3/g,微孔容积为0.11cm3/g.并进一步将生物质活性炭应用于染料废水的处理,考察了吸附时间、活性炭投加量和pH对色度及TOC的脱除效果的影响.室温下,酸性大红GR染料废水初始浓度为300 mg/L,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为2%(质量分数),吸附15min,废水色度脱除率可达99.6%,TOC去除率可达99.7%,利用等温吸附实验作吸附等温线,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich或Langmuir方程描述.     

认真贯彻防震减灾法、深入开展地震现场社会调查——常熟地震现场社会调查的成功实践

开展地震现场社会调查,是防震减灾法赋于地震部门的职责。试图通过对１９９０ 年常熟５－１级地震现场社会调查成功实例的总结和震后对策提供的新鲜经验,对今后开展地震现场社会调查工作起到积极的推动和参考作用,对江苏重点监视防御区的震害预测和制订防震减灾对策起参考作用。