廊坊市城区暴雨积涝灾害成因及防御措施

根据河北省廊坊城市暴雨积涝灾害历史案例,结合廊坊市城区地形地貌、市政工程、排水设施现状等,详细分析后发现:城市化的影响、城市暴雨积涝灾害气象服务体系不完善是廊坊市主城区发生积涝的重要原因。同时,根据廊坊城市暴雨积涝成因,有针对性的提出了城市积涝灾害防御的改进措施和建议,希望能够为廊坊城市排水管网规划建设、城市积涝防御设施建设及城市防洪减灾等提供科学决策依据。     

Effects of nature organic matters and hydrated metal oxides on the anaerobic degradation of lindane, p, p '-DDT and HCB in sediments

Effects of natural organic matters(NOM) and hydrated metal oxides(HMO) in sediments on the anaerobic degradation of γ-666,p, p‘-DDT and HCB were investigated by means of removing NOM and HMO in Liaohe River sediments sequentially. The results showed that the anaerobic degradation of γ-666, p, p‘ -DDT and HCB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in different sediments. But, the extents and rates of degradation were different, even the other conditions remained the same. Anaerobic degradation rates of γ-666, p, p ‘-DDT and HCB were 0.020 d^-1, 0.009 d^-1 and 0.035 month^-1 respectively for the sediments without additional carbon resources. However, with addition ofcarbon resources, the anaerobic degradation rates of γ-666, p, p‘-DDT and HCB were 0.071 d^1, 0.054 d^-1 and 0.088 month^-1 in the original sediments respectively. After removing NOM, the rates were decreased to 0.047 d^-, 0.037 d^-1 and 0.066 month^-1 ; in thesediments removed NOM and HMO, the rates were increased to 0.067 d^-1 , 0.059 d^-1 and 0.086 month^-1 . These results indicated that NOMin the sediments accelerated the anaerobic degradation of γ-666, p, p‘-DDT and HCB ; the HMO inhibited the anaerobic degradation of γ-666,p, p ‘-DDT and HCB.     

PS无酸高级氧化工艺深度处理制浆造纸废水的工程应用

相较于Fenton高级氧化深度处理造纸废水,PS无酸高级氧化技术具有无需调节进水pH,药剂稳定等优点。基于此,以某造纸厂废水PS无酸高级氧化处理工程为依托,系统分析了该技术的工艺特点,研究了过硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、氢氧化钠、聚合氯化铝等处理药剂用量与水量、进水负荷、COD去除量之间的关系。连续运行数据表明,高级氧化深度处理进水COD平均值为116 mg·L⁻¹,出水COD平均值为47 mg·L⁻¹,可稳定保持在60 mg·L⁻¹以下。过硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、氢氧化钠及聚合氯化铝的平均投加量分别为0.06、0.12、0.09和0.095 kg·m⁻³(以单位水量计),硫酸亚铁和过硫酸钠的投加摩尔比例为2.0~3.0。采用UV-vis光谱、三维荧光和气相质谱等指纹图谱分析手段对深度处理水样中溶解性有机物(DOM)特性进行了分析,结果表明,中小分子质量的DOM物质比例有所提高,芳香族难生物降解污染物和类腐殖酸均得到了有效降解。此外,对PS无酸高级氧化技术进行了系统工艺分析。以上研究结果可为废水处理中新型高级氧化技术的应用提供参考。     

城市快速路交通噪声分布特征及污染现状

为了解快速路交通噪声的分布特征及污染现状,对城市快速路的交通噪声进行监测,结果表明,噪声随车流量的增大而升高,同时受车辆类型等其他因素的影响;随着与快速路水平距离的增大,交通噪声值呈下降趋势,特别是在距离快速路路沿前40 m内噪声衰减尤为明显;距高架道路不同水平距离处的噪声声场垂直分布规律基本一致,但距离高架道路较远处的敏感建筑物噪声值最高点楼层有所上移;快速路旁噪声敏感点交通噪声超标情况严重。     

长江中游稻田土壤有机碳计算机模拟

分别用作者建立的土壤有机碳计算机模拟模型 (简称SCNC模型 )和英国洛桑模型 (ROTHC 2 6 .3)对长江中游 (湖南桃江和南县 )稻田土壤有机碳变化进行了模拟比较研究。结果表明 ,用SCNC模型模拟平衡时土壤有机碳含量与实际监测值较接近 ,相差分别为 0 .1和 0 .4 5t/hm2 ,误差分别为 0 .2 4 %和 0 .98% ;对稻田土壤有机碳变化的模拟 ,SCNC模型的拟合结果较好 ,利用相对标准误差法计算的误差为 4 .84 %～ 11.0 9% ,其中 6个处理有 5个处理的误差小于 10 %。对模拟结果进行误差概率统计 ,<± 5的占 5 2 .8% ,<± 10的占 81.9%。而洛桑模型不适合长江中游稻田土壤有机碳的模拟 ,按实际投入有机碳模拟平衡时土壤有机碳含量与实际监测值相比 ,分别低 11.4 1和13.32t/hm2 ,误差分别为 2 7.12 %和 2 9.0 1%。同时 ,对模型模拟结果的评价方法也进行了比较研究     

Atmospheric methanethiol emitted from a pulp and paper plant on the shore of Lake Baikal

On-site measurement of methanethiol (CH₃SH) was performed for three years on ships and cars near a pulp and paper plant standing on the shore of Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia, to investigate the behavior and impact of atmospheric CH₃SH emitted from a point source. Despite its strong odor, there are few reports on atmospheric CH₃SH, while many investigations have been carried out on dimethyl sulfide (DMS). In this work, CH₃SH and DMS were measured every 15 min by a recently developed automated instrument based on single column trapping/separation and chemiluminescence measurement. Hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and ozone were also measured simultaneously by individual instruments. Of these sulfur compounds, CH₃SH was dominant and its concentration sometimes reached several tens of ppbv. The concentration of CH₃SH was high at night, because of the lack of photodecomposition and local winds from the mountain to the lake. Such time variation was marked in the summer. The CH₃SH level decreased significantly downwind, while decreases in concentrations of other compounds such as DMS and SO₂ were relatively small. From these temporal and spatial variations, the behavior of CH₃SH is described in this paper. The impact of CH₃SH near the Siberian big sources is discussed with the presented data.     

黄壤坡面土壤分离速率研究

黄壤坡面侵蚀是长江中上游泥沙的主要原因之一,因此对该地区的土壤分离过程的量化研究对土壤侵蚀机理研究的深入和水土流失防治具有一定的理论和实践意义。通过变坡水槽冲刷实验,研究了黄壤坡面土壤分离速率与坡度、流量及主要水动力参数间的关系,探寻模拟土壤分离过程的最优参数。试验结果表明：土壤分离速率与流量、坡度和多个水动力学参数都呈正相关关系。坡度和流量的幂指数均＞1,表明二者在实验测定范围内对土壤分离速率有叠加增大作用。水流功率（R2=0.93）与土壤分离速率拟合方程的决定系数最高,表明用水流功率来描述土壤分离速率能获得更多有效信息。当单位水流功率＞0.281 m/s后,土壤分离速率随其增大而剧烈增加。但是径流剪切力（与土壤分离速率的决定系数为R2=0.83）值的计算只需获得坡度和水深等数据,水流功率值的计算不仅要采集坡度和水深等数据,还要获得流速等获取难度相对较大的数据。因此,采用径流剪切力来描述土壤分离较水流功率更为方便,而采用水流功率来估算土壤分离速率更为精确。     

循环经济立法研究--模式选择与范围限制

发展循环经济是我国未来社会可持续发展的最佳模式选择，法律应该保障和促进循环的形成和发展。本文分析了循环经济的内涵、特征及其法治化，并对国外循环经济立法作了系统分类，在分析了我国循环经济立法应考量的因素、指导思想和限制条件的基础上，提出我国应选择的循环经济立法模式以及立法范围的限制。