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141.
滦河流域多环芳烃的污染特征、风险评价与来源辨析 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
在滦河上、中、下游和河口地区布设了15个采样点,对滦河流域的河水和表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,水中PAHs总量为9.8~310ng.L-1,表层沉积物中PAHs总量最高达478ng.g-1.城市地区河段中PAHs的浓度高于农村河段中PAHs的浓度,河口地区相对中游地区污染较轻.就组成特征而言,水中PAHs以3环(40.9%)、4环(56.2%)为主,表层沉积物中PAHs以3环(30.0%)、4环(39.3%)、5环(15.8%)为主.总的来讲,3环、4环PAHs是滦河流域PAHs最主要的成分.地表水健康风险评价结果显示,韩家营、瀑河口两个采样点苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量值(EBaP)分别为11.8、11.4ng.L-1,超出中国国家环境保护部(CEPA)制定的EBaP=2.8ng.L-1的国家标准,存在不利的健康风险.表层沉积物生态风险评价结果显示,韩家营、上板城、乌龙矶地区的PAHs可能存在着对生物的潜在危害,剩余研究区域不存在生态风险.滦河水和表层沉积物PAHs主要表现为以草、木柴和煤燃烧来源为主的特征,部分样点存在燃油与木柴、煤燃烧的混合来源特征.瀑河口、大黑汀受石油源污染影响明显. 相似文献
142.
Fengyu Zan Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Xiulan Zhao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2012,6(1):51-58
The biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated
that the biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd2+ and Cu2+. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient
(R
2) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of
Cd2+ and Cu2+ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ could be regenerated and reused. 相似文献
143.
历史时期瘟疫的研究对现代瘟疫的防治具有重要的意义。本文选取陕西省为研究区域,在大量收集历史文献资料的基础上,初步考察了康熙三十至三十一年(1691—1692年)陕西瘟疫发生的情况,并着重分析了这次瘟疫爆发的相关原因。结果表明,干旱灾害、社会风俗、治疫政策等是瘟疫爆发的主要诱因。 相似文献
144.
145.
Phosphorus is an important limiting nutrient in many ecosystems. Consequently, there is increasing interest on phosphate uptake and
algal growth due to the increasing frequency and magnitude of algal blooms induced by eutrophication. The co-existence of surface
adsorbed and intracellular phosphorus pools indicate that phosphate uptake by phytoplankton is, to some extent, a two-stage kinetic
process. However, almost all previous uptake models considered the internal uptake stage only and ignored the possible impact of
surface adsoption. In this article, a two-stage kinetic uptake model considering both surface adsorption and P-stress on phosphate
uptake by algae was constructed and compared to conventional one-stage models, based on experimental data on short-term uptake
kinetics of a green algae S. quadricauda. Results indicated that with suitable parameters, the two-stage uptake model not only fit
the experimental data better, but also gave more reasonable and realistic explanations to the phosphate uptake process. The results
are meaningful as surface-adsorption of phosphate may a ect the uptake process of phosphate and assist in understanding realistic
phosphate uptake kinetics in phytoplankton. 相似文献
146.
Yanli Cheng Ying Liu Mingqun Huo Qian Sun Huixiang Wang Zhongming Chen Yuhua Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1350-1358
To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19
precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to
analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze element
compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics: in more than 80% of precipitation events the
pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO4
2?? was the main anionic component (36.2%
of the total anion mass), while NH4
+ was the main cationic component (47.7% of the total cation mass) and main ion for acidity
neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and
Na. The SO4
2??/NO3?? ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution – the product of
individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation
indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion
component. The results also showed that Na+ and Cl?? contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2+ by seawater and crustal materials;
the NH4
+, K+, Ca2+, NO3?? and SO4
2?? by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth’s crust; and organic acids were
potentially from combustion of biomass. 相似文献
147.
为研究硝酸异辛酯在储存及运输过程中的危险特性,有效预防和减少事故的发生,按照危险货物分类测试程序,通过隔板、克南、时间压力、撞击、摩擦等试验对硝酸异辛酯的固有危险性进行了评价;利用热分析技术考察了不同温升速率、水及酸雨等条件对硝酸异辛酯的热分解特性的影响.结果表明:硝酸异辛酯在相对封闭空间内遇热量、火焰、爆炸冲击及外部的机械刺激条件下表现出轻微的燃爆危险性,但不足以将其按照爆炸品进行管理;随着温升速率的增加,硝酸异辛酯热分解起始放热温度也逐渐增大,而水和酸雨均对硝酸异辛酯的分解具有促进作用,与纯硝酸异辛酯相比,其反应起始放热温度分别降低了12.4℃和27.2℃,放热量分别增大了387.439J/g和568.076J/g,失控分解危险性大大增加. 相似文献
148.
149.
Spatial heterogeneity of lake eutrophication caused by physiogeographic conditions: An analysis of 143 lakes in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jingtao Ding Jinling Cao Qigong Xu Beidou Xi Jing Su Rutai Gao Shouliang Huo Hongliang Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(4):140-147
In order to identify the effect of geographic characteristics on the variations of nutrient concentrations and the utilization efficiency of nutrients by phytoplankton, data from 143 lakes, from 2008 to 2010, including three very different types of topography, i.e., the first topography ladder(FTL), second topography ladder(STL), and third topography ladder(TTL), were statistically analyzed. Lakes in the FTL and STL, located at high elevation(above1000 m) and low longitudes(lower than 105° E), were sporadically oligotrophic, whereas lakes in the TTL were almost all mesotrophic and eutrophic. The trophic level index(TLI)became higher with the rise of longitude. Two turning points(5 and 15°C) on the curve of TLI as function of the average annual temperature(AAT) corresponded with the AAT in different lake regions in the STL and TTL. Because the responses of TLI to AAT differ significantly, there were variations of nutrient and algal biomass concentrations in different lake regions in the same type of topography ladder. According to the differences in utilization efficiency of total nitrogen or total phosphorus by phytoplankton, China could be partitioned into six lake regions. Scientific nutrient criteria for each lake region shall be established considering these differences in China. 相似文献
150.
A 60-year sedimentary record of natural and anthropogenic impacts on Lake Chenghai, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fengyu Zan Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Jingtian Zhang Haiqing Liao Yue Wang Kevin M. Yeager 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(4):602-609
Recent sediments from Lake Chenghai, China, were investigated at high temporal resolution to trace both natural and anthropogenic effects on the lake using total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (Po), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13Corg and δ15N) in a 137Cs-dated sediment core. The results indicated that the sedimentary record covers the last 60 years, during which the lake had undergone apparent changes in nutrient sources and productivity in response to nutrient loading. Prior to the late 1980s, the nutrient contents in sediments mainly originated from algae and lake productivity was relatively stable. Since the late 1980s, increasing TOC, TN and TP concentrations together with the change of δ13Corg and δ15N suggested anthropogenic perturbations in nutrient loading and lake productivity. Endogenic nutrients derived from algae and anthropogenic inputs were two important sources of sedimentary nutrients. The anthropogenic nutrients mainly originated from the discharge of industrial wastewater and artificial cultivation of Spirulina after the middle 1980s, and domestic wastewater discharged from Yongsheng County since 1993. 相似文献