Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during heating season in Beijing

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives(NPAHs) attract continuous attention due to their outstanding carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In order to investigate the diurnal variations, sources, formation mechanism, and health risk assessment of them in heating season, particulate matter(PM) were collected in Beijing urban area from December 26, 2017 to January 17, 2018. PAHs and NPAHs in PM were quantitatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). ...     

Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning, but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain uncertain. Driven by national demand for air pollution control in recent years, Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC research. This paper will give a brief review of these developments. First, AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIe) and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIp) based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics, respectively. A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing, and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the country. In addition, the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·, HO₂·, NO₃· radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse environments. Moreover, laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O₃ and NO₂, which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere, and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies, multiphase and multi-interface conditions were obtained. Finally, based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars, simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been optimized. Normalized numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed, and regional coordination of AOC was adjusted. An optimized plan for controlling O₃ and PM_2.5 was analyzed by scenario simulation.     

重庆市煤矸山周边农产品镉健康风险评价及土壤环境基准值推导

以重庆市煤矸山周边农用地土壤和农产品（玉米和水稻）为研究对象,测定土壤和农产品（玉米和水稻）中Cd含量,评估摄入农产品（玉米和水稻）对人体的潜在健康风险,并基于物种敏感性分布法（SSD）推导土壤环境基准值.结果表明,重庆煤矸山周边旱地土壤Cd含量超风险筛选值的点位占55.8%,水田土壤Cd含量超风险筛选值的点位占31.6%,土壤Cd以较高生态危害和高生态危害为主,分别占47.4%和36.8%.玉米Cd含量超标点位占4.4%,水稻Cd含量均未超标.健康风险评价表明因食用玉米和水稻摄入Cd的非致癌健康风险可忽略,食用玉米摄入Cd存在可耐受致癌健康风险,食用水稻摄入Cd存在不可耐受致癌健康风险,且玉米和水稻Cd含量敏感度最高.SSD推导出煤矸山周边旱地土壤在pH≤5.5、5.57.5时Cd的环境基准值分别为0.491、0.382、0.376和0.588 mg ·kg^-1,水田土壤Cd的环境基准值为0.807 mg ·kg^-1.水田土壤和旱地土壤pH≤7.5时,现行土壤标准（GB 15618-2018）相对偏严;旱地土壤pH>7.5时,现行土壤标准（GB 15618-2018）相对偏宽松.应加强煤矸山周边土壤Cd污染防治和农产品安全利用研究,并对土壤Cd环境基准值进行适当调整.     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺改进的研究

针对武进夹山垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺设计及运行过程中存在的问题 ,提出了厌氧与SBR 混凝法相结合的渗滤液处理工艺改进方案。研究表明 :SBR及混凝处理的CODCr最大降解率分别达 4 2 5 %、6 3 0 % ,SBR法正交试验得出的最佳工艺条件是 :曝气时间 30h ,闲置时间 6h ,污泥浓度 5 0mg L ;化学混凝对SBR法处理的出水有较好处理效果 ,其最佳进水pH值应控制在 9 0左右。最后 ,结合填埋场现有的处理工艺及运行现状 ,对处理工艺改进方案进行了讨论。     

MSW好氧生物反应器与单纯好氧填埋的对比实验

设计了一组对比实验 ,即城市固体废物 (MSW)好氧生物反应器与单纯好氧填埋方式的对比实验。其中MSW好氧生物反应器是强制通风好氧填埋和渗滤液循环两种填埋方式有机结合体。通过该对比实验研究两者对填埋的垃圾及所产生的渗滤液的降解情况 ,从而得出MSW好氧生物反应器有很好的降解效果     

脉冲变频电磁场对水中藻类的抑制及去除效能

研究了脉冲变频电磁场对水华鱼腥藻的抑制及去除效果.结果显示,磁场对循环水样表现出很好的杀藻效果,水样在磁场中累积停留时间为6min时,杀藻率可以达到94%,累积停留时间为10min时,杀藻率可以达到96%.处理后的水样,藻细胞密度在120h内没有增加,生长受到抑制,经磁场处理的循环水样"磁记忆"时间可以达到120h.对于静置于磁场中的水样,处理1h后,藻的生长开始受到抑制.不同的处理方式会产生不同的效果,对于脉冲变频磁场,水以运动的形式通过磁场更有利于杀藻.     

转cry1Ab基因水稻中毒蛋白的表达、分泌及其在土壤中的残留

研究了转cry1Ab基因水稻(克螟稻)中Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达、根系分泌及其在土壤中的残留规律.结果表明,分蘖始期至成熟期,克螟稻地上部和根部中的Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达量(FW)分别为3.23～8.22 μg/g和0.68～0.89 μg/g.生育期间克螟稻根系分泌的Cry1Ab毒蛋白含量仅为1.66～48.02 ng/(株·d).试验证实,克螟稻根际土中的Cry1Ab毒蛋白残留含量低于检测限(<0.5ng/g 干燥土).生物测定还表明,克螟稻根际土及其提取液对棉铃虫初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫不产生致死性效应.相对于Cry1Ab毒蛋白的根系分泌转移,克螟稻秸秆还田对土壤环境的影响应引起重视.     

长江三角洲地区对流层臭氧的数值模拟研究

将NCAR的中尺度天气预报模式MM5和作者开发的化学模式相耦合,建立了一个中尺度区域空气质量模式.利用该模式选取了2个典型个例研究了长江三角洲地区的区域臭氧化学问题.本研究的目的是利用模式再现并描述长江三角洲地区的大气物理化学过程,结合地面观测资料进一步定量分析控制该地区臭氧浓度的物理和化学因子.通过个例模拟和分析表明,模式基本反应了长江三角洲地区的大气物理化学过程,进一步的因子分析解释了模拟区域内1999 06 18(个例2)臭氧浓度普遍比1999 08 07(个例1)的臭氧浓度高的原因.模拟结果表明天气条件决定的大气动力过程对区域空气质量起着至关重要的作用,这也是个例2区域臭氧浓度普遍偏高的最主要因素之一.分析表明,物理因子(平流输送,垂直湍流输送)的作用和化学因子的作用同样重要.同时还做了模式参数的敏感性实验研究,并对中尺度云雨化学模拟及其对臭氧化学的影响做了初步研究.     

模具线切割开裂和变形的原因与预防措施

此文针对模具线切割过程中产生开裂和变形的现象,从残余应力的产生原因、影响模具线切割开裂和变形的因素较全面的进行了分析和论述,模具线切割开裂和变形是由于其模板内部的残余应力,尤其是热处理残余应力所致,但线切割在一定程度上破坏了模板内残余应力平衡状态,诱发了开裂或变形。根据影响的诸因素,提出了预防开裂和变形的各种措施,但措施的有效性还须因件施策,满足模具的使用寿命和顾及对后序加工的影响。     

关于现代模具制造的研究

此文构造了面向工艺过程规划的现代模具制造框架,并与传统模具制造相对比,总结出现代模具制造的主要特点,存在的问题及相应对策。