太钢安全工作新思路的尝试

太钢自1996年以来,开始了“大安全”工作思路,狠抓了人身安全,职业卫生安全,设备设施安全,生产组织安全,技术工艺安全,交通安全,消防安全,后勤保障安全,医疗卫生安全,环境保护,社会活动安全等,取得了很大效果。     

Metal recovery from reverse osmosis concentrate

The use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is becoming increasingly common in desalination plants, though disposal of the highly concentrated brines poses significant environmental risks. The targeted extraction of some metals from the concentrate can have multiple environmental and economic benefits. This is particularly apparent with recent developments in the development of zero liquid discharge desalination systems. This study has shown that recovery of sodium chloride from RO concentrate can significantly lower the cost of potable water production if employed in conjunction with thermal processing systems. Additionally, the recovery of rubidium from seawater may be a potential source of revenue, however further work is needed to characterise the economics of the rubidium extraction process. Finally, removal of phosphorus from RO concentrate provides little economic benefit, but may become increasingly necessary as environmental restrictions increase in the future.     

钢制药筒装药的烤燃实验与数值模拟研究

以122mm钢制药筒装药为研究对象,开展了不同热通量下钢制药筒装药烤燃实验及数值模拟研究。以石膏粉替代发射药,通过烤燃实验研究了122mm钢制药筒内置石膏粉在不同热通量下的温升曲线、温升过程中的最高温度点及其达到发射药热点火温度的时间,并与数值模拟结果对比,得到一定程度上符合较好的结果。通过对数值模拟模型及结果的合理性分析,对122mm钢制药筒内置9/7发射药在不同热通量下的烤燃情况进行了数值模拟,得到不同热通量下钢制药筒装药的燃爆点、燃爆温度及燃爆时间,并得到燃爆温度及燃爆时间与环境热通量的关系,以其为参考,对弹药的日常储运安全及消防安全具有一定的指导意义。     

Seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients transported to the Linjiang Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Field surveys were carried out from January 2007 to December 2008 to investigate seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) transported to the Linjiang Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The results revealed that both DIN and DIP exhibited large seasonal variability. DIN (dominated by NH₄?CN) concentrations were drastically higher in the dry season than those in the rainy season, and the same seasonal patterns of DIP concentrations and DIN and DIP fluxes were observed but inverse to that of DIN concentrations. The interannual variation in DIN fluxes descended by 28.2% from 2007 to 2008, while DIP fluxes increased by 40.9%, which were closely constant with interannual changes in DIN and DIP concentrations, respectively. The study indicated that nutrient fluxes (DIN and DIP) were strongly correlated with both nutrient concentrations and river discharge, and the Linjiang Bay received approximately 3,416 × 10³ kg DIN and 324 × 10³ kg DIP every year. In addition, DIN mainly originated from point sources, but DIP originated from non-point sources. It is shown that to control point source pollution is the most effective step for water quality improvement and reducing nutrient loading inputs in the Linjiang Bay.     

战略环境评价（SEA）和可持续发展

SEA的作用不仅仅在于将EIA（环境影响评价）扩展到更具战略意义的决策层，它还是迈向可持续发展的关键一步，它有助于从政策到计划、规划吧至最后的项目遵循可持续发展目标，SEA是联系目前正在进行的项目EIA和使人类活动达到维持环境质量这一目标的纽带，文章讨论了SEA开展的必要性，介绍了SEA的2种类型，结合英国开展的实例，论述了“遵循型”SEA的主要内容及其应用前景。     

旅游者地方感、自我效能感、社会责任感与满意度关系研究——以遗产旅游地为例

旅游者满意度是旅游地健康发展的重要指标,旅游者与旅游地的关系对旅游者满意度的影响是不容忽视的。通过引入自我效能感和社会责任感两个因素构建旅游者地方感与满意度关系模型,分析探讨了旅游者地方感、自我效能感、社会责任感和满意度的关系。在研究方法上,通过对世界遗产地苏州古典园林、黄山和三清山的问卷调查,利用AMOS软件进行结构方程模型分析。结果表明,旅游者地方感对旅游者自我效能感和旅游者社会责任感具有显著直接的正向影响,旅游者自我效能感和旅游者社会责任感分别对旅游者满意度具有显著直接的正向影响。这些为研究旅游者地方感与满意度之间的复杂心理关系提供了一种有效方法,这种复杂的心理关系对旅游目标的实现有着重要的影响。     

河北邯郸钢铁冶炼区周边麦田土和小麦籽粒的多环芳烃含量及其组分谱特征

在大型邯郸钢铁公司周边不同样区的麦田成对采集表层土壤和成熟的小麦籽粒样品,检测US EPA优控的16种母体多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度和组分谱,确定当地麦田表土PAHs的空间分布特征、与总有机碳TOC分数的相关性.由此,初步开展PAHs源解析,并简单探讨小麦籽粒PAHs与表土PAHs的关联性.结果表明,麦田表土总PAHs平均中位数含量为398.9 ng·g-1(范围123.4~1 626.4 ng·g-1),根据丹麦的土壤质量标准,所有表土样品中PAHs总含量超过限值占18%,而苯并[a]芘含量超过限值的样品占总数的10%.表土PAHs组分谱以中、高环组分为主体.利用同分异构体特征比值进行初步源解析,显示煤与生物质燃烧和交通燃油(尾气)是当地PAHs主要混合排放源.各样区麦田表土TOC分数与PAHs总含量、与不同环数组分含量都呈现类似的显著正相关.邯郸钢铁公司周边麦田小麦籽粒的总PAHs平均中位数含量为27.0 ng·g-1(范围19.0~34.0 ng·g-1),PAHs含量较低且未超过欧盟与国内的相关食品卫生标准.小麦籽粒中优势低环组分占总体的84%,其组分谱分布与麦田表土有所不同,显示小麦籽粒的PAHs除去根部吸收、传输外,还存在大气干湿沉降通过叶表(气孔)进入小麦体内等其它输入途径.     

碳源及电子受体对厌氧微生物降解对氯硝基苯的影响

为考察氯代硝基苯的共代谢降解过程中,有机碳源类型和电子受体对氯代硝基苯厌氧降解过程的影响,以对氯硝基苯(p-CNB,para-chloronitrobenzene)为目标污染物,通过间歇试验考察了葡萄糖、乙醇、乙酸钠等有机碳源及SO2--4、NO3等竞争性电子受体对厌氧微生物降解对氯硝基苯的影响。结果显示,葡萄糖、乙醇和乙酸钠作为碳源时,菌种获得的还原能力大小依次为:乙醇葡萄糖乙酸钠。SO2-4对菌种降解对氯硝基苯过程不产生竞争性抑制。NO-3对对氯硝基苯降解过程的影响与碳源的量有关,当乙醇-COD为100 mg/L时,硝酸盐产生竞争性抑制,且抑制作用随着NO-3浓度升高而增强;当乙醇-COD为600 mg/L时,硝酸盐对菌种降解对氯硝基苯过程不产生竞争性抑制作用。