微波镧有机交联改性膨润土吸附磷的研究

用浸泡的方法把制备好的镧改性的膨润土，再用十六烷基三甲基溴化氨表面活性剂进行改性，制备一种新的吸附剂交联有机膨润土应用于除磷研究，其效果比原来的镧改性的无机吸附剂吸附量提高了30％。其最佳制备工艺为：表面活性剂的浸泡浓度为5％，微波功率为166W，微波辐射时间为6min，溶液的pH为3—4，震荡时间为45min。磷去除率达到了99％以上，吸附量达到了60mg／g以上，从而为含磷废水的处理提供了一条高效、经济的新途径。     

Secondary effect of SO_2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO2 dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO2 pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO2 pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.     

空气污染对人体健康影响及经济损失估算

针对空气污染的来源和对人体健康的危害作了详尽的阐述，介绍了国内外研究现状，提出了空气污染经济损失估算的方法。     

污水深井处置初探

介绍了深井处置技术概况，探讨了污水深井处置的优缺点、处理费用，确定了选择深井的原则和污水处理的原则，同时对深井处置的水质标准进行了讨论。     

水生腐殖酸分子量分布研究——Ⅰ.串联凝胶色谱法测定水生腐殖酸分子量分布

考察了测定水生腐殖酸分子量分布及其平均分子量的串联凝胶色谱法。结果表明,使用Sepbadex G-25和G-100两种凝胶的色谱柱系统的分离范围可从分子量1000左右到数万,几乎包括了水生腐殖酸分子量分布的整个区段。这样的串联凝胶色谱柱的标定曲线为一折线,可用分段函数近似地加以描述。     

铜在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)鱼鳃微环境中的形态分布

利用Playle设计的装置测定了不同铜暴露水平下鲤鱼鳃部进出水中的游离铜离子浓度、粘液含量及有关参数.用MINTEQA2和单配位体模型联合的试算方法计算了不同形态铜含量以及鳃部粘液对铜的络合能力.结果表明,利用该算法可以获得鱼鳃微环境金属形态分布的准确结果,同时可以得到与鱼鳃粘液络合能力有关的参数.随着暴露铜含量增加,粘液分泌量随之增加,鱼鳃微环境pH和碱度也有所上升.鱼鳃粘液的络合当量浓度(Cu/C)和稳定常数(对数)分别为0.95mmol/mg和5.32.就铜形态分布而言,鱼鳃微环境与外部水相的主要差别表现在相对较高的羟基络合态铜含量以及占总量3%～20%的鱼鳃粘液络合态铜.     

基于反向模拟的毛坯外形设计

毛坯外形设计是工艺设计的重要环节 ,它直接影响工件的成形质量。精确计算毛坯外形极其困难 ,目前尚无通用的方法。反向模拟结合了塑性形变理论和有限元技术 ,直接由工件反算出毛坯。文中着重指出反向模拟与一般增量正向模拟的区别 ,对其应用于毛坯设计的原理作了阐述 ,并通过标准考题验证了方法的有效性 ,最后将其应用于一实际生产零件的毛坯外形设计。     

Secondary effect of SO2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO₂ pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO₂ levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO₂ dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO₂ pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO₂ pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.     

汽车尾气中含铂颗粒物的表面特征分析

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和等离子质谱技术(ICP-MS)对配有三元催化转化器的汽车尾气中的颗粒物进行分析.结果表明,尾气颗粒物中含有大量的Si和Al,平均浓度分别为30.88%和23.71%;≤2μm的颗粒物占64%,颗粒物颜色为深褐色或黑色.扫描电镜下观察颗粒物形状不规则,表面较粗糙,呈多孔状.汽车尾气颗粒物中铂含量为280±1ng/g,大气颗粒物(人民广场)中铂含量为27±0.5ng/g.     

用加速溶剂提取仪提取污染土壤中的有机氯农药

研究加速溶剂萃取对土壤中有机氯农药的提取效果,并与索氏提取法进行比较。结果表明,加速溶剂萃取对土壤中滴滴涕的回收率明显高于索氏提取,对土壤中BHC的提取能力与索氏提取相当。用该方法测定了天津污灌区和非污灌区土壤样品中的有机氯农药残留量。结果表明,α-BHC、β-BHC、δ-BHC、γ-BHC、p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、p,p’-DDT、o,p’-DDT的检出率为100％,这些有机氯农药在污灌旱地和稻田地的残留量分别为7．5－71．1ng/g和3．0－16．5ng/g。非污灌的旱地中有机氯农药的残留量为3．1－17．6ng/g。