我国的森林火灾状况和对策研究

讨论了我国森林火灾的状况, 并对森林火灾的时间变化、区域分布、气候因素、人为因素及地形因素影响等特点进行了论述, 在此基础上提出了相应的林火对策     

试论长江中游防洪减灾的工程对策

长江中游洪患自古乃中华民族的心腹大患,数百年来不得治愈的根本原因是没有做到对症下药。从洪患形成的地学环境分析和数百年抗洪经验总结来看,行洪不畅,泥沙淤积和长期以堵为主的抗洪方式是长江中游洪患得不倒根除的主要。疏－疏水和疏水是根治长江洪患的唯一出路,开辟分洪河道,疏沙淤垸降和蓄水分洪是长江中游共减灾的重要措施。     

东北区低温冷害风险评估及区划

从变异系数、正态分布风险概率、风险指数三方面对东北区热量条件的稳定性和低温冷害的风险进行了讨论和评估;并将上述三种风险指标极差化,以求取低温冷害的综合风险指数,最后以综合风险指数为指标,并参考变异系数、正态分布风险概率、风险指数,给出了东北区低温冷害风险区划。     

不同有机负荷下氮缺乏对活性污泥膨胀的影响

有机负荷与营养物缺乏是活性污泥处理工艺中引起污泥膨胀的2个重要因素.本文研究了在低有机负荷条件下氮缺乏对活性污泥膨胀的影响.试验结果表明,营养物充足时,低有机负荷下并不一定发生污泥膨胀,并且反应过程中发生不完全的硝化反应.当进水中缺氮时,低有机负荷下,由于微生物对自身细胞物质的分解代谢作用,剩余污泥量减少,代谢产物中的营养物质在一定程度上缓解了进水中氮缺乏的影响,使得污泥沉降性能恶化程度并不严重.同时,还对污泥膨胀的控制与恢复进行了研究.     

塔里木油气勘探开发中的管理问题

本文论述了有关方面热衷塔里木盆地油气勘探开发的原因和意图，就塔里木盆地油气勘探开发中存在的主要问题和主要措施作了研究。     

中期强震预报的TIP方法原理及其应用

在剖析了V.keilia-Borok研究小组近年来提出的强震预报(Time of increasedprobability)方法的基础上,本文简要地介绍了该方法的原理,采用1970-01-01至1991-12-31的全国地震目录,通过两种途径,用Tip方法对云南省和台湾省发生的7级以上(含7级)强震做了检验地震目录,通过表明Tip方法对强震的预报成功率还是较高的.在此基础上,我们又试验将该方法推广应用于云南省发生的6.5级以上(含6.5级)地震,结果表明适当修改地震流函数后,也可以得到较满意的结果.     

Structure of flames propagating through aluminum particles cloud and combustion process of particles

Structure of flames propagating through aluminum particles clouds and combustion processes of the particles have been examined experimentally to understand the fundamental behavior of a metal dust explosion. The combustion process of individual aluminum particles in a flame propagating through the aluminum particles cloud has been recorded by using a high-speed video camera with a microscopic optical system, and analyzed. The flame is shown to be consisted of a preheat zone of about 3 mm thick, followed by a combustion zone of 5–7 mm thick. In the combustion zone, discrete gas phase flames are observed around each aluminum particle. Also an asymmetric flame around a particle is observed, which might be caused by an ejection of aluminum vapor from a crack of oxide shell surrounding the particle.     

Wet bench reactive hazards of cleaning stages in semiconductor manufacturing processes

According to the research from FM Global (Factory Mutual Insurance Company), most of the incidents that have occurred in semiconductor plants in the past two decades were reported as “Fire Cases”. They claim that the fires in wet chemical cleaning processes were mainly caused by heater failure. However, depending on the process conditions, electrical heaters are designed to turn off automatically when the temperature reaches a set point. Therefore, a thorough study of the situations related to possible fires in wet chemical cleaning processes is necessary.

This study focused on the incompatible behaviors of cleaning materials used in the wet bench stage. These results can be applied to determine the causes of fires in the wet bench stage from using reactive chemicals for cleaning purposes.

Another purpose of this study was to investigate the potential hazards of widely used chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and isopropyl alcohol) within similar processes in semiconductor plants. Experimental data were also verified in order to establish a concentration triangular diagram, which could be used to identify a combustion, deflagration or even detonation zone. Finally, this study can provide basic design data for an inherently safer process to avoid potential hazards caused by dangerous mixtures, which may result in large property loss in semiconductor plants.     

Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and shellfish downstream from electronic-waste recycling plants

We measured 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the muscle tissue of three species of fish (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sparus macrocephalus, and Lateolabrax japonicus) and four species of shellfish (Tegillarca granosa, Cyclina sinensis, Sinonovacula constricta, and Ostrea cucullata) that were collected downstream of electronic-waste recycling plants in Taizhou, China. A total of 24 PBDE congeners (PBDE24) in the samples were detected. The PPBDE24 (total PBDE) ranged from 545.4 to 1688.7 ng/kg ww (wet weight). The mean PPBDE24 concentration was 1382.6 ng/kg ww in fish and 858.1 ng/kg ww in shellfish. The lower brominated congeners were detected at relatively high concentrations in all species. The penta-products, produced from e-waste, were found at relatively low levels. A principal component analysis suggested a significant correlation among di-, tri-, tetra-, and hepta-BDEs for the three species of fish. Similarly, we found a significant correlation between mono- and tri-BDEs in the shellfish. Our results suggested that the processes of PBDE metabolism and elimination were similar in both fish and shellfish. In addition, the primary source of PBDEs appeared to be from the debromination of high brominated PBDEs.     

北江水体镉沉降影响因素及容量计算研究

以珠江流域北江水体-沉积物中重金属镉综合沉降行为作为研究对象。文章通过总结前人研究成果,综合分析认为沉积物中镉的吸附-释放主要影响因素为沉积物特性、水体文水动力条件和水体物理化学性质变化;对重金属影响因素研究可知沉积物对重金属具有决定性作用,而镉在水体中的综合沉降系数的意义则区别于其它降解性污染物,采用1(/d·m)2作为综合沉降系数k的表达形式,可以充分反映河床表面积的作用,并且应有正负之分;结合实测数据对镉综合沉降系数的计算,得到北江干流段综合沉降系数为0.0049~0.0570d-1;在此基础上采用两种方法计算北江水体重金属环境容量,得到北江长度约202km的河段镉的天然环境容量为24.8~26.3kg/d;最后对深入研究方向提出展望。