哈尔滨市区绿地对交通噪声衰减效果研究

2007年4月6日-5月30日,采用HS-5633型数字声级仪分别对哈尔滨市区六处主要交通干道进行交通噪声测量,同时在干道周围的绿地进行对比测量,并将所得数据进行分析统计。结果表明,绿地（包括各类林地、草坪、隔离带及其不同组合）对交通噪声的衰减可达2dB（A）以上,减噪效果十分明显,减噪数值与绿地宽度和绿地植被组成有密切关系。因此,应对城市中各种类型的绿地及其组成的混合林地种植予以足够、有效的重视,如高大乔木＋灌木、常绿树＋草坪、乔木＋灌木＋草坪等配置紧凑的绿地类型,并应加大保护力度。     

爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载上的电特性分析

为了研究爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载情况下的能量累积和电流变化情况,从电路模型入手对直接向阻性负载馈电和通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电两种情况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,在直接馈电的情况下既无法得到电流放大也无法得到有效的能量累积,而通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电可以得到有效的能量累积。     

基于骨架构建的污泥脱水/固化研究进展

从现阶段污泥处理与处置存在的问题出发,通过介绍目前污泥可脱水性的研究现状,阐述了基于骨架构建体的污泥脱水及污泥固化技术在污泥处置方面应用的研究现状,提出了污泥调理脱水与固化处置一体化技术在污泥处理与处置方面的应用前景.     

矿山安全标准化创建过程中的危害辨识研究

本文介绍了矿山安全标准化系统的创建过程,阐述了危害辨识在矿山安全标准化创建工作中的重要性以及目前企业危害辨识存在的问题;针对矿山企业的生产实际情况,提出了危害辨识的几种方法.并分析了各种方法的优缺点;详细阐述了开展危害辨识工作的基本步骤,提出了加强危害辨识效果的方法.本研究可为金属非金属矿山安全标准化系统创建提供借鉴参...     

奥林匹克森林公园典型人工林地非点源污染输出特征分析

选取北京奥林匹克森林公园的典型人工林地为研究对象,通过对天然降雨径流过程及泥沙、氮、磷等污染物浓度随径流变化过程的监测,研究公园典型密草林她覆盖下,不同坡形及人工沟渠汇流条件下的径流及污染物浓度、形态和负荷的输出特征.结果表明,相同降雨条件下,林地1的坡长/坡宽比小,径流深度大,林地1坡度较大的草皮型汇流沟渠对径流的削...     

催化超临界水氧化技术处理香料废水研究

采用催化超临界水氧化(CSCWO)技术对香料废水进行氧化处理,研究了催化剂浓度、反应温度、压力、停留时间等因素对废水COD、TN去除效果的影响.结果表明:在超临界水中添加cu2+催化剂后有机物的去除效率与无催化剂时相比有显著的提高.香料废水中COD、TN的去除率随催化剂浓度、反应温度和压力的升高,停留时间的延长而提高....     

准好氧填埋场作业台阶温室气体CO_2的释放通量研究

采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定了河北省某准好氧填埋场作业台阶表面的温室气体CO2释放通量,分析了填埋时期和导气管距离对CO2释放通量的影响。结果表明:导气管附近区域表面的CO2释放量较大,且不同区域的CO2释放通量存在明显差异(最大值和最小值分别278.6和12.5 g/(m2.d);同一区域上午、中午和下午的CO2释放通量差异相对较小,但中午和下午高于上午。同时,填埋4、8、12和16个月区域的CO2平均释放通量分别为56.9,70.0,110.2和47.0 g/(m2.d),即CO2的释放通量随着填埋龄的增加呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,并在填埋12个月达到CO2释放通量的最大值。此外,各填埋区作业台阶表面CO2释放通量随着距离导气管距离的增加呈指数函数递减的趋势。     

Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women

Concerns about the carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have led to a global ban on OCP use. However, OCPs persist in the environment for decades because of their long half-life. We evaluated serum levels of OCPs and their correlations with usual dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among 250 healthy women who participated as controls in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Serum levels of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), dichloro-di-phenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC), and eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (IUPAC no. 74, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured. Lifestyle factors and usual dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed through an in-person interview. With the exception of PCB, total OCP levels in our study population were significantly higher than those observed in other countries. Age, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, number of pregnancies, and/or total duration of breastfeeding were all significantly correlated with all types of OCPs. Of the 20 food groups evaluated, correlations with serum total OCPs were observed for eggs (r=0.13), fresh beans (r=-0.17), tea (r=0.14), and animal fat (r=0.18). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and animal fat intake were positively associated with serum total level OCPs, while leafy vegetable and fresh bean consumption was negatively associated with OCPs level. Our study suggests that dietary intake may be an important contributor of serum levels of OCPs in Chinese women.     

基于资源分类的资源耗竭度及当量系数

资源耗竭潜力因子ADP(Abiotic Depletion Potential)是目前评价产品生命周期资源消耗水平的常用因子,但不够细致全面,存在一定的局限性.考虑到资源特点多样性,将资源分为可再生资源、可回收的不可再生资源和不可回收的不可再生资源3类,并针对性地提出资源耗竭度RDD(Resource Depleon Degree)和资源耗竭当量系数EF(Equivalent Factor)的计算公式,构建评价框架对自然资源耗竭性进行分类评价.将评价方法运用于建筑行业某住宅,得到其物化阶段5种资源消耗水平,验证了该评价方法的可行性及RDD因子相对于ADP因子在资源耗竭评价方面的优越性.     

Numerical study of the effects of Planetary Boundary Layer structure on the pollutant dispersion within built-up areas

The effects of different Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) structures on pollutant dispersion processes within two idealized street canyon configurations and a realistic urban area were numerically examined by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The boundary conditions of different PBL structures/conditions were provided by simulations of the Weather Researching and Forecasting model. The simulated results of the idealized 2D and 3D street canyon experiments showed that the increment of PBL instability favored the downward transport of momentum from the upper flow above the roof to the pedestrian level within the street canyon. As a result, the flow and turbulent fields within the street canyon under the more unstable PBL condition are stronger. Therefore, more pollutants within the street canyon would be removed by the stronger advection and turbulent diffusion processes under the unstable PBL condition. On the contrary, more pollutants would be concentrated in the street canyon under the stable PBL condition. In addition, the simulations of the realistic building cluster experiments showed that the density of buildings was a crucial factor determining the dynamic effects of the PBL structure on the flow patterns. The momentum field within a denser building configuration was mostly transported from the upper flow, and was more sensitive to the PBL structures than that of the sparser building configuration. Finally, it was recommended to use the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN) PBL scheme, which can explicitly output the needed turbulent variables, to provide the boundary conditions to the CFD simulation.