双孢菇培养基废料对绿豆生长及AM真菌侵染的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究添加不同比例双孢菇(Agaricus bisporus)培养基废料(菇渣)对绿豆(Vigna radiate)生长及其根系受AM真菌侵染的影响.结果发现,在接种AM菌剂条件下,添加菇渣在基质中所占质量分数为5%~50%时,不同程度地提高了AM真菌对绿豆根系的侵染率,促进了植株生长与绿豆经济产量的提高,AM真菌侵染率在35 d左右达到高峰.添加20%菇渣的处理效果最佳,60 d收获时比对照植株高58%,生物量增加128%,豆荚干重增加598%,绿豆干重增加577%,经济产量(绿豆干重)与35 d时AM真菌对绿豆根系的侵染率呈显著线性回归关系(P<0.05).这说明添加20%左右的菇渣最有利于促进AM真菌对绿豆根系的侵染以及绿豆植株的营养生长和生殖生长.在最适菇渣比例(20%)条件下接种AM菌剂,基质灭菌(包括土壤与菇渣)处理的AM真菌侵染率与非灭菌对照没有显著差异,表明双孢菇培养基废料可以应用于AM菌剂的扩繁.     

天津地区致癌风险的预期寿命损失分析

预期寿命损失是健康风险评价统一的指标 .本文根据天津的人口统计数据和有关资料求算了天津地区特定致癌风险条件下预期寿命损失 .结果表明 ,单位致癌风险 (10^-5)的污染物暴露下,天津地区男性和女性平均预期寿命损失分别为58.47min和66.82min .同时发现本底癌症发病率是预期寿命损失的决定因素 ,而相关参数对结果影响较小.     

The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza on change of heavy metal speciation in rhizosphere of maize in wastewater irrigated agriculture soil

To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize ( Zea mays L. ) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that, in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc end lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.     

天津地区表层土壤多环芳烃的多元统计分析

文章应用多种多元统计分析方法,分析了天津表土16种PAHs之间的关系。分析结果显示,多元统计分析比单变量分析,有着无可比拟的优越性,能提取出许多单变量分析无法表达的重要信息。     

Influence of fuel moisture, charge size, feeding rate and air ventilation conditions on the emissions of PM, OC, EC, parent PAHs, and their derivatives from residential wood combustion

Controlled combustion experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of fuel charge size, moisture, air ventilation and feeding rate on the emission factors (EFs) of carbonaceous particulate matter, parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs) and their derivatives from residential wood combustion in a typical brick cooking stove. Measured EFs were found to be independent of fuel charge size, but increased with increasing fuel moisture. Pollution emissions from the normal burning under an adequate air supply condition were the lowest for most pollutants, while more pollutants were emitted when an oxygen deficient atmosphere was formed in the stove chamber during fast burning. The impacts of these factors on the size distribution of emitted particles was also studied. Modified combustion efficiency and the four investigated factors explained 68%, 72%, and 64% of total variations in EFs of PM, organic carbon, and oxygenated PAHs, respectively, but only 36%, 38% and 42% of the total variations in EFs of elemental carbon, pPAHs and nitro-PAHs, respectively.     

Occurrence and infection risk of waterborne pathogens in Wanzhou watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), formed by China’s Yangtze Three Gorges Project, is the largest lake in the world, but there is too little information available about fecal contamination and waterborne pathogen impacts on this aquatic ecosystem. During two successive 1-year study periods (July 2009 to July 2011), the water quality in Wanzhou watershed of the TGR was tested with regard to the presence of fecal indicators and pathogens. According to Chinese and World Health Organization water quality standards, water quality in the mainstream was good but poor in backwater areas. Salmonella, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in the watershed. Prevalence and concentrations of the pathogens in the mainstream were lower than those in backwater areas. The estimated risk of infection with Salmonella, EHEC, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia per exposure event ranged from 2.9 × 10 -7 to 1.68 × 10-5 , 7.04 × 10-10 to 2.36 × 10-7 , 5.39 × 10-6 to 1.25 × 10-4 and 0 to 1.2 × 10-3 , respectively, for occupational divers and recreational swimmers exposed to the waters. The estimated risk of infection at exposure to the 95% upper confidence limit concentrations of Salmonella, Cryptosporidium and Giardia may be up to 2.62 × 10-5 , 2.55 × 10-4 and 2.86 × 10-3 , respectively. This study provides useful information for the residents, health care workers and managers to improve the safety of surface water and reduce the risk of fecal contamination in the TGR.     

地表水中高锰酸盐指数分析的质量控制

为了提高高锰酸盐指数项目测定的准确性,通过实验分析,从高锰酸钾的校正系数、蒸馏水空白值、水浴的温度、加热的时间、样品酸度、滴定的过程、滴定终点的判断等因素加以分析,找出其影响测定结果的原因。实验操作中,应注重上述因素的质量控制,以提高测试的准确性。     

氮源对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸提废旧印刷线路板覆层铜的影响研究

采用摇瓶实验,在170rpm、30℃下,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)SW-02为浸提菌株,研究氮源对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸提废旧印刷线路板覆层铜的影响。分析发现,以(NH4)2SO4作为氮源含量为1g/L时,浸提84h后铜浓度达到2.73g/L,铜的浸出效率较好。而采用(NH4)2HPO4作为氮源替代(NH4)2SO4,(NH4)2HPO4加入量在1g/L时效果较好,浸提84h后铜浓度达到3.52g/L。当(NH4)2HPO4在2g/L及以上时,会抑制细菌生长,导致浸出效率降低。实验结果表明,以(NH4)2HPO4作为氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长所需氮源,其浸出废旧印刷线路板覆层铜的效果优于(NH4)2SO4,最佳含量为1g/L。     

Assessment models and dynamic variables for dynamic life cycle assessment of buildings: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used to quantify the environmental performance of buildings. Recently, the potential temporal variations in the...     

连续极端降雨对东江流域水质影响分析

为研究连续极端降雨对饮用水源型河流东江水质的影响,分析流域近38年极端降雨事件发生特征,并结合水文水质数据初步分析其对水质的影响.基于SWAT2012建立东江流域高精度模型,研究极端降雨过程中主要污染物通量变化过程及其对水质的影响.结果表明,东江流域近38年极端降雨事件共发生173次,丰水年频次要高于其他年份,年内受气候影响主要集中在3～9月(80%),峰值主要出现在降雨量最高的6月;在空间上增城-博罗-惠州-龙门一带极端事件发生频率最高.降雨量与浊度、TP、氰化物、Pb、Fe和Mn的浓度值均呈显著正相关,其中与浊度、TP的相关系数相对较高,与p H、电导率和Zn的浓度值等呈极显著负相关,水质在一定程度上受到降雨的影响.浊度、TN、NH4+-N及TP浓度值均在暴雨径流期出现不同程度的上升趋势,其中浊度和TP浓度值变化趋势与流量呈显著一致,其峰值出现要早于流量峰值(约1 d),存在显著初期冲刷效应; p H变化过程则与流量相反,成"V"字形,可能是受上游山区降雨、土壤酸碱度及产汇流条件影响; NH4+-N受初期冲刷及洁净雨水稀释则呈现前期高,中后期低的特征.污染物负荷与径流量变化趋势较为一致,TN、NH4+-N及TP污染通量峰值要晚于(约1d)流量峰值的出现,这与污染物浓度峰值出现规律不同;污染物负荷主要在暴雨径流期呈现明显增加趋势,以59. 48%的径流量输送污染物占比达到了:COD 68. 42%、NH4+-N 54. 68%和TP 70. 20%,呈现时间短、污染物负荷冲击强等特点,对东江饮用水源水质造成较大的影响,建议通过强化初期雨水治理减少暴雨径流期对水质风险的影响.