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791.
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a commonly applied cleaning agent for ultrafiltration membranes in water and wastewater treatment. Long-term exposure to NaClO might change the properties and performance of polymeric membranes, and ultimately shorten membrane lifespan. Active species in NaClO solution vary with solution pH, and the aging effects can change depending on the membrane material. In this study, the aging of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) membranes by NaClO at pH 3–11 was investigated by examining variations in chemical composition, surface charge, surface morphology, mechanical strength, permeability, and retention ability. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), which was blended in both membranes, was oxidized and dislodged due to NaClO aging at all investigated pH values, but the oxidation products and dislodgement ratio of PVP varied with solution pH. For the PVDF membrane, NaClO aging at pH 3–11 caused a moderate increase in permeability and decreased retention due to the oxidation and release of PVP. The tensile strength decreased only at pH 11 because of the defluorination of PVDF molecules. For the PES membrane, NaClO aging at all investigated pH resulted in chain scission of PES molecules, which was favored at pH 7 and 9, potentially due to the formation of free radicals. Therefore, a decrease in tensile strength and retention ability, as well as an increase in permeability, occurred in the PES membrane for NaClO aging at pH 3–11. Overall, the results can provide a basis for selecting chemical cleaning conditions for PVDF and PES membranes. 相似文献
792.
随着国民经济快速发展,我国沿海危险化学品的种类和数量逐年增加,随之而来的危化品泄漏风险日益增大,给海洋生态环境构成了潜在威胁。本文聚焦于我国北方最大的散装危化品集散中心-岚山港,以年吞吐量约占危化品总量41%的对二甲苯作为研究对象,利用危化品输移扩散模型和危化品海洋生物影响评价方法,预测了在三种事故情景下发生最大可信泄漏量对二甲苯泄漏入海事故的海洋环境影响。结果显示,陆上泄漏事故（化工码头操作性事故50 t对二甲苯泄漏或化工品储罐事故800 t对二甲苯泄漏）对二甲苯入海后,其高浓度范围主要集中在港池及港区附近,对附近3个海洋保护区无影响;当船舶在航道上发生2000 t对二甲苯等挥发微溶性化学品泄漏事故时,泄漏到水面的对二甲苯在北风涨落潮流和南偏东南风涨潮流的影响下会全部提前挥发掉而不会对附近的旅游区和海洋保护区产生影响,仅在南偏东南风落潮流的控制下向东北方向快速移动扩散,4 h后会开始影响金乌贼海洋保护区,最大浓度为5 mg/L,但持续时间较短,在泄漏后8 h左右挥发掉。 相似文献
793.
The status of energy consumption and air pollution in China is serious. It is important to analyze and predict the different fuel consumption of various types of vehicles under different influence factors. In order to fully describe the relationship between fuel consumption and the impact factors, massive amounts of floating vehicle data were used. The fuel consumption pattern and congestion pattern based on large samples of historical floating vehicle data were explored, drivers'' information and vehicles'' parameters from different group classification were probed, and the average velocity and average fuel consumption in the temporal dimension and spatial dimension were analyzed respectively. The fuel consumption forecasting model was established by using a Back Propagation Neural Network. Part of the sample set was used to train the forecasting model and the remaining part of the sample set was used as input to the forecasting model. 相似文献
794.
795.
Particulate matter (PM) is the main contributor to air pollution, and filtration has been reported to be promising for PM capturing. Considering the complexity of polluted air (volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone are likely concomitant with PM particles) and in view of the versatility of MnO2 for the degradation of VOCs and ozone, the feasibility of MnO2 materials as PM filtering media was investigated in this study, and the effect of crystal structure on PM filtration was clarified. Compared with the layered δ-MnO2, the MnO2 with tunnel structure (including 1 × 2-, 2 × 2- and 3 × 3-MnO2) exhibited greatly enhanced PM removal efficiencies, and particularly, the 3 × 3-MnO2 possessed not only significant activity for adsorbing PM particles but also high utilization efficiency of the active surface. Physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were studied by XRD, ATR, isothermal N2 adsorption, SEM and (HR)TEM. The correlation between pore characteristics and particle elimination activity demonstrates that the most developed mesoporous structure of the 3 × 3-MnO2 sample played an important role in strengthening the PM adsorption capability. Further comparison of the surface properties of the fresh and spent samples reveals that with respective to the occasion of δ-MnO2, the structure of 3 × 3-MnO2 was robust enough to resist collapse after PM capturing and the great accommodation of the inorganic and organic PM substances in the voluminous pores induced strong affinity between PM particles and 3 × 3-MnO2. Thereby, a higher particle filtration ability was retained. 相似文献
796.
797.
We describe here a one-step method for the synthesis of Au/TiO2 nanosphere materials, which were formed by layered deposition of multiple anatase TiO2 nanosheets. The Au nanoparticles were stabilized by structural defects in each TiO2 nanosheet, including crystal steps and edges, thereby fixing the Au–TiO2 perimeter interface. Reactant transfer occurred along the gaps between these TiO2 nanosheet layers and in contact with catalytically active sites at the Au–TiO2 interface. The doped Au induced the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Au–TiO2 interface. Such vacancies are essential for generating active oxygen species (*O−) on the TiO2 surface and Ti3 + ions in bulk TiO2. These ions can then form Ti3 +–O−–Ti4 + species, which are known to enhance the catalytic activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. These studies on structural and oxygen vacancy defects in Au/TiO2 samples provide a theoretical foundation for the catalytic mechanism of HCHO oxidation on oxide-supported Au materials. 相似文献
798.
Xue Yang Chang Wang Lihua Yang Qi Zheng Qiongyu Liu Nicholas J.P.Wawryk Xing-Fang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):129-140
Halobenzoquinones(HBQs) are emerging disinfection byproducts(DBPs) with a widespread presence in drinking water that exhibit much higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. However, the developmental neurotoxicity of HBQs has not been studied in vivo. In this work, we studied the neurotoxicity of HBQs on zebrafish embryos, after exposure to varying concentrations(0-8 μmol/L) of three HBQs, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,5-DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoqu... 相似文献
799.
Ling Liu Qiuhua Zhou Xuezhi Yang Gang Li Jingzhu Zhang Xuehua Zhou Wei Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):105-116
Inhaled atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5) includes soluble and insoluble fractions,and each fraction can interact with cells and cause adverse effects.PM2.5 samples were collected in Jinan,China,and the soluble and insoluble fractions were separated.According to physiochemical characterization,the soluble fraction mainly contains watersoluble ions and organic acids,and the insoluble fraction mainly contains kaolinite,calcium carbonate and some organic carbon.The in... 相似文献
800.
植物用它的绿色赋予地球以生机,千奇百怪的形状、万紫千红的颜色、或淡雅或浓郁的芳香,是大自然对人类的一种馈赠.由于自然进化规律的支配,这种馈赠以其多样性致胜,使天才和艺术家为之汗颜. 相似文献