基于区位商的旅游产业区域比较优势研究——以辽宁省为例

区位商常被用作分析地区比较优势的衡量指标来衡量某一区域要素的空间分布情况,反映某一产业部门的专业化程度,以及某一区域在高层次区域的地位和作用等.应用区位商理论对辽宁省旅游产业发展现状进行分析,并以市场占有率作为辅助衡量指标,与区位商共同作用判断区位比较优势和旅游产业发展水平,在此基础上提出区域旅游产业发展策略.     

Simulation of phytoremediation of a TNT-contaminated soil using the CTSPAC model

Knowledge of water movement in the plant-xylem system and contaminant bioavailability in the soil environment is crucial to evaluate the success of phytoremediation practices. This study investigated the removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from a contaminated sandy soil by a single poplar (Populus fastigiata) tree through the examinations of temporal variations of xylem water potential, root water uptake, and soil TNT bioavailability. A mathematical model, CTSPAC (Coupled Transport of water, heat, and solutes in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum), was modified for the purpose of this study. The model was calibrated using laboratory measurements before its application. Our simulations show that the xylem water potential was high in the roots and low in the leaves with a potential head difference of 3.55 cm H2O, which created a driving force for water flow and chemical transport upward from the roots through the stem to the leaves. The daily average root water uptake rate was 25 cm3 h(-1) when an equilibrium condition was reached after 24 h. Our simulations further reveal that no TNT was found in the stem and leaves and only about 1% of total TNT mass was observed in the roots due to the rapid biodegradation and transformation of TNT into its daughter products. About 13% of the soil TNT was removed by the poplar tree, resulting mainly from root uptake since TNT is a recalcitrant compound. In general, the soil TNT bioavailability decreased with time due to the depletion of soil solution TNT by the poplar tree. A constant bioavailability (i.e., 3.1 x 10(-6)) was obtained in 14 d in which the soil TNT concentration was about 10 mg L(-1). Our study suggests that CTSPAC is a useful model to simulate phytoremediation of TNT-contaminated sites.     

汽车尾气排放与大气污染

随着汽车工业的迅猛发展,汽车在带给人们生活方便和快捷的同时,也给人类生存环境造成了污染。文章阐述了当前国内外汽车尾气排放污染现状,并详细介绍了汽车尾气中一氧化碳、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、碳氢化合物等有害物质以及所产生的臭气、噪声、二氧化碳等对环境及人体健康的危害。     

海洋石油平台生活污水处理系统杀菌方式优化

目前海洋石油平台生活污水处理系统广泛采用氯片或氯粉杀菌,其采购成本高,稀释浓度不易控制,药剂添加困难。海洋石油平台多数配有造氯系统产生氯水,以限制海生物的附着生长。实验表明:使用合适浓度的氯水能使生活污水达到GB 4914-2008《海洋石油勘探开发污染物排放浓度限值》中的相关要求,优化了杀菌方式。     

长庆油田油气泄漏防治体系建设与应用

为防治油气泄漏事件,长庆油田以重点环境保护目标为对象,按照层级防护、标本兼治、数字预警、分级响应、就地控制的原则,建设油气泄漏防治体系,明确和落实油田公司、厂处、作业区、生产岗位四个层级的防治范围和职责,构建系统参数预警报警、阀门截断、基础防护三道防线,全面提升安全环保的防范能力和水平。保证事故状态下,能够在最短时间、最小范围内进行最有效的处置,实现重点环境保护目标的安全。     

水污染第三方治理机制中第三方的刑事责任

"环境污染第三方治理"是党和政府顺应时代发展提出的治污新模式,这为我国水污染的治理指明了新方向。水污染第三方治理机制不仅在制度上是个创新,在法律层面也提出了新的要求,特别是在规制第三方的刑事责任方面。要明确第三方成为新的责任主体,在认定责任的归责原则上适用相对严格责任原则,在责任承担的具体方式上适用"双罚制"和罚金刑,为水污染第三方治理机制的引入奠定良好的法律基础。     

Property rights integrity,tenure security and forestland rental market participation: Evidence from Jiangxi Province,China

The decentralization of property rights is the focus of the forest tenure reforms in several developing countries. In China, it was achieved by the launch of a new round of collective forest tenure reform beginning in 2003, which provided farmers with more integrated and secure forestland rights. Drawing on household data collected in Jiangxi province in 2011 and 2013, this paper examines the impacts of households’ recognition of property rights and improved tenure security on forestland rental activities. Our empirical results show that households with higher perceptions of more complete use rights and mortgage rights have a lower probability and intensity of renting‐in land, while households with lower expectations of future forestland redistribution or expropriation are more likely to rent in forestland and more of it. These results imply that the development of a forestland rental market leading to better forest management requires an integrated forestland management approach consisting of decentralization of property rights and village governance. In particular, the central government may further clarify the rights and obligations affiliated to forestland ownership, contractual rights, and management rights; while the village collective may shift from direct intervention in the integrity and security of forestland rights to the supervision and protection of decentralized forestland rights to increase efficiency from the decentralization of property rights.     

石油污染土壤微生物联合修复技术研究进展

石油是一种具有生物毒性的复杂有机物,土壤中石油烃的过量积累会给生态环境和人类健康造成严重威胁。微生物联合修复技术因处理成本低、环境影响小、无二次污染等优点,且较微生物修复或植物修复效率更高,耗时更短,成为当前的研究热点。文章介绍了植物-微生物联合修复、电动-微生物联合修复、氧化-微生物联合修复和表面活性剂强化微生物修复四种联合修复技术,简要阐述了修复机理、适用范围和工艺参数,为生物修复技术的选择提供了参考,并对以后生物修复的研究重点进行了展望。     

Urban ecological security dynamic analysis based on an innovative emergy ecological footprint method

Environment, Development and Sustainability - In China, with the rapid development of economy and the advancement of urbanization, the deterioration of urban ecological environment is obvious. In...     

Community-based adaptation in low-lying islands in the Philippines: challenges and lessons learned

Community-based adaptation (CBA) seeks to address climate risks and socio-economic drivers of vulnerability simultaneously. However, as CBA activities appear very similar to standard development work, difficulties in identifying good practices arise. To clarify the role of CBA, this study elucidated how climate change can impact pre-existing development problems by investigating the experiences of four low-lying island communities in central Philippines. The islands currently suffer from frequent and extreme tidal flooding (following an earthquake-induced land subsidence in 2013, with a magnitude that is broadly similar to sea-level rise projections under a 1.5 to 2 °C global warming scenario), and endured a dry spell in 2016. The study also identified various publicly and privately initiated adaptation strategies, and evaluated their resilience against actual biophysical events. The study conducted focus group discussions with local leaders and in-depth interviews with government officials and residents in March 2016. Results show that tidal flooding impacted almost all aspects of daily life on the islands, while the dry spell completely depleted their limited water supplies. The strategies implemented by governments and NGOs (e.g., seawalls, rainwater collectors) were found to be inadequate in preventing tidal flooding and compensating for the dry spell. Also, communities used coral stones and plastic waste for raising the floors of their homes, which have an erosive effect on their capacity to adapt in the long term. Lack of community participation in publicly initiated projects and lack of adaptation funding for community-based strategies were the greatest obstacles to implementing climate-resilient solutions.