Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.     

生物活性炭吸附石化废水有机污染物实验研究

生物活性炭吸附石化二级废水有机污染物实验主要包括生物活性炭挂膜实验和生物活性碳影响因素实验。在实验中考察了水力负荷和活性炭滤层厚度两因素对有机污染物吸附作用。结果表明:在45 d左右挂膜基本成功,最佳水力负荷为0.25~0.75m3/(m2·h),活性炭滤层最佳厚度为90cm。     

三峡库区库中干流及支流水体夏季二氧化碳分压及扩散通量

以三峡库区库中干流以及主要支流——梅溪河为研究区,于2013年5月对该区域水体中溶解二氧化碳分压(pCO2)进行了走航观测.结果表明,夏季梅溪河表层pCO2为6.8~7.5 Pa,三峡库区库中长江干流表层pCO2为201.4~210.2 Pa.在库区干、支流交汇的过渡区水体剖面上,表层水体pCO2最低为53.5 Pa,随着水深增加,pCO2急剧增大,在3 m处达到约210Pa后基本保持不变.通过计算,库区支流梅溪河和库区干流表层水体的CO2释放通量分别为-7.48 mmol·(m2·d)-1和39.58 mmol·(m2·d)-1.结果表明,库区支流梅溪河表现为大气中CO2的"汇",而库区干流表现为CO2的"源",库区干、支流水体在CO2的释放上有显著差异.     

硫磺回收装置腐蚀原因及防护措施

针对国内硫磺回收装置实际生产中存在的设备腐蚀问题,根据不同的腐蚀机理进行了腐蚀分类,分析了腐蚀原因并提出了具体的防护措施.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission from straw burning and the influence of combustion parameters

A simulated burning experiment was conducted in a tubular furnace system to examine the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the burning of rice and bean straw, and the influence of combustion parameters was investigated. Total emission amounts of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) from the burning of rice and bean straw ranged from 9.29 to 23.6 μg g^?1 and from 3.13 to 49.9 μg g^?1, respectively, which increased with the increase of temperatures from 200 to 700 °C. The contribution of combustion to individual PAH yields was about 80.6–100%, which was generally increased with the increase of burning temperature. Moisture content in straw had a negative effect on PAH formation, especially on PAHs with low molecular weight. ∑PAHs emission amounts decreased by 78.2% for bean straw with a moisture content of 30% in comparison with that for dried straw. In addition, PAH emission amounts increased with the increase of O₂ content in supplied air and then decreased, which showed a maximum emission at O₂ content of 40%. The source fingerprint of PAHs in emission from straw burning was established, which showed that naphthalene accounted for 35.0 ± 7.4% of ∑PAHs. Based on the experimental data, emission amounts of ∑PAHs from the burning of rice and bean straw were estimated to be 320–357 and 32.5–76.0 tons to ambient air per year in China, respectively.     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理重金属废水的研究

壳聚糖是无毒、易于生物降解的天然高分子有机物,壳聚糖及其衍生物是良好的水处理药剂,目前在重金属废水处理中也得到广泛的应用,因此对壳聚糖改性产物的研究也成为热点。文章从羧甲基壳聚糖、交联壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐、多孔壳聚糖微球和含硫壳聚糖衍生物5种壳聚糖改性产物的制备及其去除重金属性能,概述了壳聚糖的研究现状及其衍生物在重金属废水处理中的发展前景及应用,并对壳聚糖及其衍生物在水处理中的研究进行展望。     

玉米淀粉接枝磺甲基化聚丙烯酰胺共聚物对含汞废水絮凝沉降处理效果的研究

本文介绍应用吉林大学新近研制的玉米淀粉接枝磺甲基化聚丙烯酰胺共聚物,(以下简称为接枝物)作为絮凝剂,对工业企业排放的含汞污水絮凝沉降的处理效果。实验数据表明,采用该接枝共聚物作为混凝剂,处理含汞污水,其处理效率可达到99％以上,处理后的水基本上达到了国家规定的排放标准。同时,对最佳投药量,量佳沉淀时间及最佳pH值等进行了研究。      

过氧化氢除藻及相关环境条件优化

采用室内培养的方式,通过正交试验研究了H_2O_2质量浓度、光照、pH值和温度4个因素复合作用对铜绿微囊藻去除的影响。结果表明,在所设置的各因素梯度范围内,对去除铜绿微囊藻影响最大的因素是H_2O_2质量浓度;光照和pH值对藻细胞数和叶绿素a的去除,以及H_2O_2残留量的影响各不相同;温度对藻细胞数的影响最小,对H_2O_2残留量的影响较小,对叶绿素a质量浓度的影响较大。除藻的最佳组合为A_1B_2C_3D_2,即光照为1 500 lx,H_2O_2质量浓度为50mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为25℃。     

电解锰渣的综合利用进展与研究展望

电解锰渣是电解金属锰时产生的酸性滤渣,含有大量有害物质。随着电解锰行业的快速发展,大量堆放填埋的电解锰渣引发了严重的水土、生态环境污染问题,对锰渣的无害化处理与资源化利用已成为电解锰行业和环保领域的研究热点。在电解锰渣特性的分析基础上,对国内外电解锰渣的综合利用进展(如锰离子回收、肥料制作和建筑材料应用)进行了回顾,分析了锰渣各种资源化利用方法的优缺点。最后,展望了电解锰渣的研究与应用前景,旨在为锰矿资源的可持续性开发与电解锰渣的综合回收利用提供参考。