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431.
土地处理系统是在干旱 -半干旱过渡区实现污水无害化、资源化的有效技术。内蒙古霍林河矿区污水土地处理系统设计与运行结果表明 ,该区具备推广土地处理技术的良好条件 ,土地处理系统应以慢速渗滤和污水资源利用型为主 ,实现污水处理与生态环境建设的结合。污水资源的利用有助于增加镶嵌型复合生态系统的稳定性 ,加速人工林的成林郁闭 ,增加林木蓄积量 ,改善干旱、半干旱地区的生态环境 相似文献
432.
生物与化学表面活性剂对多氯联苯的协同增溶作用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用室内序批试验比较研究了单一的生物/非离子化学表面活性剂(SAA)与生物-非离子混合表面活性剂对商业用多氯联苯(PCBs)Aroclor1242的增溶作用.结果表明,生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(RL)对Aroclor1242的增溶作用要高于三种非离子SAA,三种非离子SAA对Aroclor1242的增溶作用顺序为POE(6)>POE(10)>Brij35,与其亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)呈负相关;鼠李糖脂与非离子SAA对Aroclor1242的增溶存在协同效应,混合表面活性剂溶液中Aroclor1242的摩尔增溶比(MSR)、胶束相/水相间的分配系数(Kmc)均大于对应的单一表面活性剂,其协同增溶作用顺序为RL-Brij35>RL-POE(10)>RL-POE(6),协同增溶作用的大小与其中的非离子表面活性剂的HLB值呈正相关. 相似文献
433.
石英砂负载氧化铁吸附除磷的热动力学研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过吸附动力学实验及等温吸附实验,考察了在10~40℃的温度条件下石英砂负载氧化铁(IOCS)吸附磷的热动力学性质.结果表明:准二级反应动力学模型及Langmuir等温吸附模型可分别较好地描述IOCS对磷的吸附动力学及吸附等温线实验结果(R2≥0.98);吸附速率及吸附容量随温度的增加而增加.吸附速率k从0.0095增加到0.0173,吸附容量从0.06 mg/g增加到0.08 mg/g.根据标准吉布斯自由能变(△G0<0)和标准反应焓变(△H0>0)值判断,IOCS对磷的吸附是自发的、吸热的化学吸附反应. 相似文献
434.
Zhen Cheng Xinghua Qiu Xiaodi Shi Xing Jiang Tong Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):45
435.
436.
Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
So MK Miyake Y Yeung WY Ho YM Taniyasu S Rostkowski P Yamashita N Zhou BS Shi XJ Wang JX Giesy JP Yu H Lam PK 《Chemosphere》2007,68(11):2085-2095
A total of 14 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were quantified in river water samples collected from tributaries of the Pearl River (Guangzhou Province, south China) and the Yangtze River (central China). Among the PFCs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the two compounds with the highest concentrations. PFOS concentrations ranged from 0.90 to 99 ng/l and <0.01–14 ng/l in samples from the Pearl River and Yangtze River, respectively; whereas those for PFOA ranged from 0.85 to 13 ng/l and 2.0–260 ng/l. Lower concentrations were measured for perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfoamide (PFOSA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Concentrations of several perfluorocarboxylic acids, including perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA), perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) were lower than the limits of quantification in all the samples analyzed. The highest concentrations of most PFCs were observed in water samples from the Yangtze River near Shanghai, the major industrial and financial centre in China. In addition, sampling locations in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a reduced flow rate might serve as a final sink for contaminants from the upstream river runoffs. Generally, PFOS was the dominant PFC found in samples from the Pearl River, while PFOA was the predominant PFC in water from the Yangtze River. Specifically, a considerable amount of PFBS (22.9–26.1% of total PFC analyzed) was measured in water collected near Nanjing, which indicates the presence of potential sources of PFBS in this part of China. Completely different PFC composition profiles were observed for samples from the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. This indicates the presence of dissimilar sources in these two regions. 相似文献
437.
利用正交试验方法优化了净化烹饪油污菌种选育的环境和营养条件 ,即 :油 :2 0mL、NaNO3( 2g L) :4mL、KH2 PO4( 0 .5g L) :3mL、微量元素溶液 (CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 3g L ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .1g L ,MnCl2 ·4H2 O 0 .0 5g L) :1mL和温度 3 7℃ ;而且得出氮源是影响菌体增长的最重要因素 ,温度是影响微生物降解的重要因素 ,而微量元素和磷源对菌种培育结果影响较小。在此优化条件下选育出了合适降解烹饪油污的c种子菌液 ,其每天可降解油 2 2mg L以上 ,并鉴定出主要的微生物是嗜水性气单孢菌 (Aeromonashydrophila 4AK4)、黄丝藻属 (Tribonema)和多甲藻属 (Peridinium)等菌体 ;分析了选育过程活性微生物、目标污染物和微生物的代谢产物三者之间的关系 ,发现所选微生物能利用油类物质作为碳源进行生长代谢 相似文献
438.
439.
Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai, China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Shi G Chen Z Xu S Zhang J Wang L Bi C Teng J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):251-260
A detailed investigation was conducted to understand the contamination characteristics of a selected set of potentially toxic metals in Shanghai. The amount of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni were determined from 273 soil/dust samples collected within urban area. The results indicated that concentration of all metals except Ni in soils was significant, and metal pollution was even severer in roadside dust. A series of metal spatial distribution maps were created through geostatistical analysis, and the pollution hotspots tended to associate with city core area, major road junctions, and the regions close to industrial zones. In attempt of identifying the source of metals through geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses, it was concluded as follows: Pb, Zn and Cu mainly originated from traffic contaminants; soil Ni was associated with natural concentration; Cd largely came from point-sourced industrial pollution; and Cr, Ni in dust were mainly related to atmospheric deposition. 相似文献
440.
Status of trace elements in paddy soil and sediment in Taihu Lake region 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Thirteen paddy soil profiles and river sediments which are sources of irrigation water were collected around the Taihu Lake, and the trace elements were estimated. The content of La and Ce in paddy soil and sediment were 39.3 and 68.6 mg/kg soil and 36.9 and 65.1 mg/kg soil, being within the range of background values. The values for Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn, Se in paddy soil were 23.3, 27.8, 25.5, 63.5, 10.2, 386, 68.7 and 0.25 mg/kg soil respectively, all below the national permission level. There was a decline of Zn in paddy soil. Some of the river sediments were seriously polluted. The river in Yangjin site was most contaminated with 5.47 g Cu/kg and 7.4 g Zn/kg. The high concentration of Pb and Ni also was observed in this sediment. River in Weitang, Huashi, Xinzhuang and Meiyan were contaminated with Pb, Cu and Ni to some extent. Zn, Cu and Pb were the main pollutants in present experiment sites. The fast development of village/township industries have caused severe environmental pollution in the Taihu Lake region, especially irrigation river sediments. Se content in plant and seed was 0.04 and 0.03 mg/kg respectively, showed Se-deficiency in paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. 相似文献