Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

• Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. • Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. • Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. • Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. • CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10^-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10^-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.     

Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles

• The rice growth was promoted by nano-TiO₂ of 0.1–100 mg/L. • Nano-TiO₂ enhanced the energy storage in photosynthesis. • Nano-TiO₂ reduced energy consumption in carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO₂), as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst, has been widely applied in modern industry, thus inevitably discharged into environment. We proposed that nano-TiO₂ in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance, therefore, we investigated the effects of nano-TiO₂ exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Results showed that rice biomass was increased >30% at every applied dosage (0.1–100 mg/L) of nano-TiO₂. The actual photosynthetic rate (Y(II)) significantly increased by 10.0% and 17.2% in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively, indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis. Besides, non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)) significantly decreased by 19.8%–26.0% of the control in all treatments respectively, representing a decline in heat dissipation. Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-talose) to disaccharides (D-cellobiose, and D-lactose) was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle, confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism. All these results elucidated that nano-TiO₂ promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO₂, and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.     

Metagenomic analysis reveals the effects of cotton straw–derived biochar on soil nitrogen transformation in drip-irrigated cotton field

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been widely accepted as a soil amendment to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency, but the effect of biochar on N transformation metabolic...     

Manganese-modified biochar for highly efficient sorption of cadmium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, corn stalk was modified by manganese (Mn) before (MBC1) and after (MBC2) pyrolysis at different temperatures (400~600 °C)...     

表面活性剂对焦化污染土壤中多环芳烃淋洗修复研究

异位土壤淋洗是一种高效修复污染土壤技术。以孝义市某焦化厂污染土壤为研究对象,采用批处理实验,探究表面活性剂曲拉通-100(TX-100)、吐温80(TW80)、烷基糖苷(APG)作为淋洗剂对土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的淋洗效果,并以TW80为代表,考察了淋洗剂浓度、淋洗时间、pH以及淋洗方式对污染土壤中PAHs的去除效果。结果表明,TW80、TX-100和APG对土壤中16种PAHs的总去除率分别为25.67%、18.89%和16.77%。TW80作为淋洗剂,3环PAHs的去除率低于高环(3环)PAHs,主要与焦化污染土壤中以3环PAHs为主有关;高环PAHs随着环数的增加,去除率降低。焦化污染土壤中PAHs的去除在240min达到平衡;大部分PAHs去除率随TW80浓度的增加而增大;pH可不作调整;在TW80用量相同情况下,建议采用单次淋洗。     

城市周边高标准基本农田建设时序研究——以重庆市南岸区为例

高标准基本农田建设是夯实农业基础,保障国家粮食安全的重要抓手。以重庆市南岸区为研究对象,从基础地力、利用条件、区位条件3方面筛选出12个指标,构建高标准基本农田建设综合评价体系,引入熵权法、障碍度模型等测算各评价单元的建设潜力和建设难度系数,最后以行政村为评价单元耦合两者评价结果,提出了南岸区高标准基本农田建设时序。结果表明:南岸区已基本具备高标准基本农田条件的耕地面积约76.6 hm~2,占永久基本农田总量的11%,其余624.19 hm~2耕地可通过土地整治逐步建成高标准基本农田。在空间上,建设潜力较高的区域主要集中在东北部广阳镇,建设难度等级呈现出"南高北低"的分布规律,按照先易后难的建设原则,建设时序也需遵循从北向南的规律依次开展整治工程。研究结果可为南岸区高标准基本农田规划实施提供参考。     

鄱阳湖平原区农村水塘水体原位修复技术应用效果分析

针对鄱阳湖平原区农村水塘内源底泥污染和外源农村生产、生活排水污染,通过选用覆沙处理、落干曝晒处理及生物联合调控处理(即底栖动物三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)+滤食性鱼类鳙鱼和鲢鱼+湿地植物花叶芦竹(Arundo donax var.versicolor))等原位修复技术进行研究,以期得到农村小水塘经济高效的原位修复技术。结果表明:(1)生物联合调控处理对水质净化的效果总体最佳,浊度、氨氮、TN和COD去除率最高值分别为68.18%、92.64%、79.85%和92.10%。(2)生物联合调控处理的TN去除率与DO呈显著负相关,TP去除率与DO呈显著负相关、与氮磷质量比(N/P)呈显著正相关,COD去除率与氨氮、碳氮质量比(C/N)均呈显著负相关。     

基于GOCI数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度反演和蓝藻水华遥感监测

太湖蓝藻水华是广为关注的环境问题,迫切需要实现蓝藻水华的动态监测。利用静止轨道海洋水色遥感器(GOCI)遥感数据构建了太湖叶绿素a反演的三波段模型,使用归一化植被覆盖指数(NDVI)进行蓝藻水华监测,并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:(1)三波段模型优于波段比值模型,可以用于GOCI遥感数据反演太湖叶绿素a浓度。(2)2019年6月3日太湖叶绿素a大致呈湖心和西部浓度低,北部和西南沿岸浓度高的空间分布;从10:15至15:15,叶绿素a浓度先升高后降低。(3)竺山湖和椒山周边水域水华聚集情况较为严重,是当天重度水华的主要发生区域;水华的时间变化规律同叶绿素a浓度变化规律一致。(4)对2019年4月和6月的GOCI遥感数据进行富营养化评价发现,太湖富营养化水平总体呈西部高东部低、北部高南部低、边缘高中间低的趋势;6月较4月富营养化水平明显加剧。     

成都典型工业园多环芳烃污染源区识别及风险评估

筛选识别成都市多环芳烃（PAHs）污染重点源和区域,采集57个土壤样品,利用人体暴露风险模型对16种PAHs的健康风险进行评价。结果表明：青白江工业集中发展区与新都工业集中发展区连片区局部有PAHs潜在渗漏风险,污染源主要为工业企业和交通源,农业面源、生活污染源等不直接产生PAHs;土壤PAHs主要来源途径为企业VOCs排放与沉降、汽车尾气与大气中PAHs沉降、废矿物油泄漏入渗;PAHs主要离去途径为入渗地下水、冲淋径流进入地表水、植物吸收;智能设备制造、化工用地存在PAHs人体健康及环境生态风险。     

鄱阳湖平原区农村门塘浮游藻类群落特征及其生物学评价

于2018年—2019年在鄱阳湖区周边选取4个县（区）10个村庄的典型门塘开展浮游藻类采样调查。研究共鉴定出藻类6门83种,以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主;浮游藻类细胞密度全年范围为7.30×104个/L～2.78×1011个/L,年均值为1.4×1010个/L,其中夏季细胞密度最大,冬季细胞密度最小;优势种主要有小环藻、微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、卵形隐藻等,且具有较为明显的季节演替,全年优势种为小环藻;藻类多样性指数（H′）年均值为1.49,丰富度指数（M）年均值为1.92,全年水体生物学评价结果为中度污染。