宝鸡市主要农作物冰雹灾害风险评估

冰雹灾害是宝鸡市面临的主要农业气象灾害之一,采用宝鸡市2016年的Landsat TM遥感影像,经过遥感解译得到宝鸡市主要农作物的空间分布图。根据宝鸡市1961 — 2016年55 a的降雹记录和防雹炮点分布资料,计算得到区域降雹强度、降雹频次和防雹能力值,以灾损数据确定主要农作物的承灾体敏感性指数。基于致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露度及脆弱性三要素,采用综合评价法和自然间断分类法得出宝鸡市主要农作物的冰雹灾害风险分布图。结果表明:宝鸡市主要农作物的冰雹灾害风险等级以中级风险为主,占全部风险等级的43.5%,主要分布于千阳、凤县、岐山、扶风等地;次高风险区占25.2%,主要分布在陈仓及扶风;次低风险区占18.7%,分布于金台、眉县及太白零星散区;高风险区占9.8%,全部集中于陇县和麟游;低风险区占比最少,为2.8%,零星分布于凤县和扶风。应加强对冰雹灾害高风险区的防爆能力建设,调整防雹点分布和作物种植。     

三峡库区不同林草措施土壤活性有机碳及抗蚀性研究

采用野外定位观测,研究三峡库区坡耕地7种林草治理措施下土壤活性有机碳组分(颗粒性有机碳、可溶性有机碳、易氧化有机碳和微生物生物量碳)含量和团聚体数量特征,并分析了团聚体的分形特征和可蚀性.结果表明,不同林草治理措施下,土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分含量随土壤深度的增加而降低,其中0～10 cm土壤有机碳及各活性有机碳组分含量显著高于20～30 cm.林草措施治理对土壤团聚体稳定性也具有显著影响,>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体总量总体上表现为:栾树+黄花槐>植物篱>封山育林>自然恢复>经济林>传统农作>裸地对照,且与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关.不同林草治理措施下土壤具有一定的土壤分形特性.其中栾树+黄花槐措施下土壤的分形维数、可蚀性K值最小,土壤结构稳定性和抗侵蚀能力相对较强.不同土壤深度下活性有机碳组分与土壤可蚀性K值均呈极显著负相关关系,以上研究表明通过不同林草治理措施的治理可改变土壤性状,从而影响土壤抗蚀能力.     

Sex pheromone composition and reproductive isolation in two Busseola species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya

Closely related species provide an interesting and useful model to understand mate communication diversification. Pre-mating isolation is the result of selection processes and is achieved by utilization of different sex pheromones, but also by different ecological and life traits such as geographic distribution, host-plant specialization and allochrony of sexual behavior. Here, we report sex pheromone identifications and pre-mating isolation of two closely related species of stemborers: Busseola segeta and the yet undescribed Busseola nov. sp., developing on different host-plants and in different geographical locations in Kenya. GC–MS analyses showed that the two species produced the same pheromone components, but in slight different ratios. The respective synthetic pheromone mixtures tested in the field were attractive for males of each species. The low inter-specific variation in the pheromone mixture would allow possible interbreeding in case of accidental introduction of both species in the same environment. Under laboratory conditions, allochrony of the mating period is total and might prevent interbreeding if confirmed in natural conditions. This point would ensure the reproductive isolation between the two species in case of modifications of ecological factors. This study and the chemical structures of the identified pheromone components clearly demonstrate that these Busseola species are closely related although they differ in morphology.     

输水水质保障约束下的南四湖流域产业生态化发展研究

在生态文明建设理念的指导下,从南四湖流域的自身特点与现状出发,在总结和借鉴国内外产业生态发展主要经验的基础上,结合南四湖流域自身特点,从管理机制、财政政策、价格税收、技术创新、投资取向、政绩考核等多角度出发,构建了南四湖流域的产业生态政策体系,并从实施目标责任考核、建立流域产业布局规划的协调制度、完善产业结构调整优化的法律法规制度、增强生态产业的科技创新能力、建立流域的政府信息共享与公开机制、建立健全流域水环境执法机构六个方面提出了相应的生态保障措施。     

中国西部城市复合生态系统特点与生态调控对策研究

城市是一类以人类活动为中心的社会—经济—自然复合生态系统。西部城市是西部大开发的重要铱托。本文首先介绍了中国城市与西部城市的发展概况，在与中、东部和全国城市比较的基础上分析了西部城市的城市化特点以及社会、经济和自然生态特点，并运用生态学原理和复合生态系统理论，提出了西部城市发展的生态调控对策。     

阻燃防护服防火性能及发展趋趋势

介绍了阻燃防护服的性能要求、国内外阻燃防护服防火性能检测方法的研究及发展趋势.     

基于免疫遗传算法优化的输油泵模糊控制方法研究

针对普通遗传算法优化模糊控制器收敛慢,很难对输油泵有效控制的问题,介绍了基于免疫遗传算法优化模糊控制方法,以便能够对管道流量、入口压力、出口压力进行协调优化控制.     

港口建设项目环境影响经济评价指标体系研究

2003年9月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》中明确规定了对建设项目环境影响进行经济损益分析。目前,国内许多港口建设项目环境影响评价工作中开展了经济分析专项,但基本上是对环保措施进行的经济分析,对环境外部性影响仅限于定性分析,因此存在指标体系不完善、不能进行经济定量分析等问题。本文针对港口建设项目环境影响的特点,提出按照实体将环境影响划分为对人体健康的影响、对人类福利的影响和对生态系统的影响三大类,并以此为基础建立了环境影响的经济评价指标体系。初探了指标的算法设计。     

Field test of best management practice pollutant removal efficiencies in Shenzhen, China

This paper presents a study on the use of best management practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint pollution in the Xikeng Reservoir watershed located in Shenzhen, China. A BMP treatment train design, including a pond, a wetland, and a buffer strip placed in series was implemented at the reservoir location. A separate grass swale was also constructed at the site. Low impact development (LID) BMPs, namely a planter box and bioboxes, were used at the parking lot of the reservoir’s Administration Building. Samples were collected during storm events and were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal efficiencies of both BMP systems were evaluated using the Efficiency Ratio (ER) method based on the event mean concentration (EMC) data. In summary, the pond/wetland treatment train removed 70%–90% of TSS, 20%–50% of BOD₅, and 30%–70% of TP and NH₃-N. The swale removed 50%–90% of TSS, 30%–55% of BOD₅, − 10%–35% of NH₃-N, and 25%–70% of TP. For the planter box and biobox, the ranges of removal rates were 70%–90%, 20%–50%, and 30%–70% for TSS, BOD₅, and ammonia and phosphorus, respectively.     

额济纳天然胡杨林水分利用效率动态变化研究

黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是我国西北地区重要的生态屏障,也是当地人民赖以生存的自然资源,然而由于种种原因,这片绿洲正在衰败并且有消亡的危险.胡杨是典型的潜水旱中生植物,它虽然有较强的耐大气干旱、耐盐碱能力,其生长发育与水分条件的优劣有着十分密切的关系.本文通过研究额济纳天然胡杨的叶水势、蒸腾速率、光合速率的变化规律,综合分析其水分利用效率与叶水势的相关关系,了解胡杨树体内水分运移关系,为揭示胡杨生存现状和合理利用水资源提供理论依据,为合理保护额济纳绿洲胡杨林提供科学支持.