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931.
Yuan?Li Haibo?Zhang Qingbo?Li Qian?Zhou Xiaobing?Chen Chen?Tu Yongming?LuoEmail author Peter?Christie Xuefeng?Hu Lianzhen?Li 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(2):535-547
The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were examined in soils covering five types of land use along a salinity gradient on the Yellow River Delta. The most prominent OCPs were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (∑DDT, arithmetic mean = 5.11 μg kg?1), hexachlorocyclohexane (∑HCH, 1.69 μg kg?1) and ∑endosulfan (10.4 μg kg?1). The spatial variability of OCPs composition shifted from γ-HCH and o,p′-DDT dominated pesticides in coastal soils to p,p′-DDE dominated pesticides in inland soils. In different land-use types, the percentages of β-HCH and p,p′-DDE are characterized by more recalcitrant components in decreasing order of vegetable fields, cereal fields, cotton fields, wetlands and tidal flats with increasing soil salinity. However, the less recalcitrant components, γ-HCH and o,p′-DDT, showed an opposite trend. Endosulfan sulfate predominated in all land-use types. Residual levels of β-HCH were affected by soil organic matter. The correlations between γ-HCH and clay content and between p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDT and salinity might associate with the influence of sediment cotransport by the Yellow River and the density of anthropogenic activities in coastal region. Depth distribution of the OCPs in typical soil profiles also implied that local historical usage and sediment transport by the Yellow River both affected the OCPs residual in this region. 相似文献
932.
双酚A是一种日常生活中无处不在的环境雌激素,具有生殖和神经毒性,但低剂量长期暴露对发育期青少年的危害性常常被低估或忽视。本研究以4周龄雄性清洁级小鼠为实验对象,以茶油作为溶媒对照,分别以双酚A浓度为0μg·m L-1、0.1μg·m L-1、10μg·m L-1和1 000μg·m L-1的茶油灌胃小鼠8周,然后利用彗星电泳法检测各组小鼠脑细胞的DNA损伤。结果显示,不同浓度双酚A暴露8周后,彗星电泳图像显示小鼠脑细胞DNA出现不同程度的损伤,随着暴露剂量的增加,带有彗尾的脑细胞比率从对照组小鼠的9.5%分别升高到暴露组小鼠的34.5%、36.0%和50.5%,细胞总体的尾部DNA含量、尾长和尾矩也都逐渐增加,而且各双酚A暴露组小鼠与溶媒对照组小鼠脑细胞都具有显著性差异(P0.01),这说明中长期双酚A暴露(包括低浓度环境暴露)会导致雄性幼龄小鼠脑细胞的DNA损伤。 相似文献
933.
为研究有机氯农药在食物中的残留及人群的摄食暴露,在2015年5月采集了南京市居民普遍食用的10种蔬菜,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行检测。研究表明滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)在蔬菜中均有检出,∑DDTs的残留量为1.78~5.29 ng·g~(-1),∑HCHs的残留量为0.21~4.77 ng·g~(-1),其中∑10OCPs(有机氯农药)含量最高的蔬菜是藕(10.07 ng·g~(-1)),含量最低的是青菜(2.32 ng·g~(-1))。通过来源分析发现,蔬菜中DDTs可能有新的输入,而HCHs则主要源于历史残留。通过对不同人群的每日摄取量(EDI)进行摄食暴露分析发现,儿童的摄食暴露量要高于同性别其他年龄段人群,在儿童和未成年阶段,男性的暴露量普遍高于女性,而在成年和老年阶段,男性的暴露量低于女性。平均而言,各年龄段人群对γ-HCH和DDTs的日均口摄暴露量(EDI)值远低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)所规定的ADI值,表明在目前蔬菜消费量下,南京市居民通过摄入蔬菜引起的健康风险水平较低。 相似文献
934.
研究条斑紫菜中磷和钙的亚细胞分布,并探讨其与条斑紫菜富集砷的关系。结果表明:条斑紫菜吸收磷、钙主要分布在细胞壁组分中,平均占总磷含量的53.9%,占总钙含量的61.25%,其次为细胞液。与对照组相比(砷暴露浓度0.5 mg·L~(-1)),在添加磷浓度为0.1 mg·L~(-1)和1.0 mg·L~(-1)处理组中,条斑紫菜中磷、砷之间呈现协同效应;当添加磷浓度为5.0 mg·L~(-1)和10.0 mg·L~(-1)时,条斑紫菜中磷、砷之间则呈现拮抗作用,砷的富集量分别比照组下降61.37%和72.73%。经添加钙液暴露过的条斑紫菜,当钙暴露浓度为1 000 mg·L~(-1)时其对砷的富集量比对照组减少15.51%。可知,5.0 mg·L~(-1)磷处理条斑紫菜,条斑紫菜对砷的富集受到明显的抑制。 相似文献
935.
研究了纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO_2)悬浮液对美国大盐湖两性生殖型卤虫(Artemia francisana,GSL)和渤海湾孤雌生殖型卤虫(Artemia parthenogenetica,BH)无节幼体的急性毒性和抗氧化酶系统的影响。研究结果表明,Nano-SiO_2对GSL和BH无节幼体24 h-LC50分别为23.02 mg·m L~(-1)和20.96 mg·m L~(-1),属低级毒性。Nano-SiO_2降低了GSL和BH无节幼体还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,抑制了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,致丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,表明氧化应激反应是导致Nano-SiO_2对卤虫无节幼体致死的作用机制之一。 相似文献
936.
Yan SHAO Haobo HOU Guangxing WANG Sha WAN Min ZHOU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):192-200
Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure. 相似文献
937.
Lyumeng?Ye Xuemei?WangEmail author Shaofeng?Fan Weihua?Chen Ming?Chang Shengzhen?Zhou Zhiyong?Wu Qi?Fan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(6):15
Surface O3 production has a highly nonlinear relationship with its precursors. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of O3-NO x -VOC-sensitivity regimes complicates the control-decision making. In this paper, the indicator method was used to establish the relationship between O3 sensitivity and assessment indicators. Six popular ratios indicating ozone-precursor sensitivity, HCHO/NO y , H2O2/ HNO3, O3/NO y , O3/NO z , O3/HNO3, and H2O2/NO z , were evaluated based on the distribution of NOx- and VOC-sensitive regimes. WRF-Chem was used to study a serious ozone episode in fall over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It was found that the south-west of the PRD is characterized by a VOCsensitive regime, while its north-east is NO x -sensitive, with a sharp transition area between the two regimes. All indicators produced good representations of the elevated ozone hours in the episode on 6 November 2009, with H2O2/HNO3 being the best indicator. The threshold sensitivity levels for HCHO/NOy, H2O2/HNO3, O3/NO y , O3/NO z , O3/HNO3, and H2O2/NO z were estimated to be 0.41, 0.55, 10.2, 14.0, 19.1, and 0.38, respectively. Threshold intervals for the indicators H2O2/HNO3, O3/NO y , O3/NO z , O3/HNO3, and H2O2/NO z were able to identify more than 95% of VOC- and NO x -sensitive grids. The ozone episode on 16 November 16 2008 was used to independently verify the results, and it was found that only H2O2/HNO3 and H2O2/NO z were able to differentiate the ozone sensitivity regime well. Hence, these two ratios are suggested as the most appropriate indicators for identifying fall ozone sensitivity in the PRD. Since the species used for indicators have seasonal variation, the utility of those indicators for other seasons should be investigated in the future work. 相似文献
938.
利用电感耦合空气等离子体对涂覆法制备的CNT/TiO2复合电极进行射频放电改性处理.复合电极的表面形貌、润湿性及元素成分分别通过扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行了表征.结果表明,改性后有利于苯酚吸附,电极比表面孔隙、亲水性、TiO2及含氧官能团均得以增加;循环伏安测试(CV)表明改性后电极比电容提高54%;改性后复合电极对苯酚的吸附量较改性前提高了45%.且等离子改性CNT/TiO2电极对苯酚的去除量随电压、苯酚初始浓度的增加而增加,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型. 相似文献
939.
940.