头孢噻肟钠生产废渣的综合利用

从头孢噻肟钠生产废渣中回收２－硫醇基苯并噻唑合成二硫化二苯并噻唑,ＤＭ的收率达２３．８％,产品质量达到ＨＧＢ２－１５８－６１标准,小试表明,方法可行,操作稳定,简便,既减轻了废渣生成的污染,又回收和用途广泛的化工原料,有一定的环境效益和经济效益。     

超临界水氧化方法处理含酚废水

在亚临界及超临界条件下,在间歇式、连续式反应器中研究了温度、压力、停留时间对苯酚去除率的影响。发现在其他条件不变的情况下,随反应温度和压力的升高,停留时间的延长,苯酚的去除率提高;在很短的停留时间内,苯酚的去除率可达９６％以上。对苯酚氧化中间产物的研究证明了该技术的氧化彻底性。     

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: mass balance and removal processes

Occurrence and removal efficiencies of fifteen pharmaceuticals were investigated in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant in Michigan. Concentrations of these pharmaceuticals were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Detailed mass balance analysis was conducted during the whole treatment process to evaluate the contributing processes for pharmaceutical removal. Among the pharmaceuticals studied, demeclocycline, sulfamerazine, erythromycin and tylosin were not detected in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Other target pharmaceuticals detected in wastewater were also found in the corresponding sludge phase. The removal efficiencies of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamerazine, acetaminophen and caffeine were >99%, while doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and lincomycin exhibited relatively lower removal efficiencies (e.g., <50%). For sulfamethoxazole, the removal efficiency was approximately 90%. Carbamazepine manifested a net increase of mass, i.e. 41% more than the input from the influent. Based on the mass balance analysis, biotransformation is believed to be the predominant process responsible for the removal of pharmaceuticals (22% to 99%), whereas contribution of sorption to sludge was relatively insignificant (7%) for the investigated pharmaceuticals.     

颗粒物吸附乐果的动力学特征

研究了乐果在颗粒物表面上吸附的动力学特征,观察了颗粒物的性质对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,乐果在3种颗粒物上的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律,其相关系数在0.986 2～0.990 5,达到极显著水平.颗粒物的性质与吸附量相关分析发现,不同颗粒物对乐果的吸附程度是由颗粒物的有机质、粘粒、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和pH等理化特征综合作用的结果.pH对吸附行为影响的实验结果指出,随着体系的pH逐渐增大,颗粒物对乐果的吸附能力增强.     

Spatial trend and pollution assessment of total mercury and methylmercury pollution in the Pearl River Delta soil, South China

Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in large number of soil samples collected from areas with different types of land use, different depth in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of South China. THg and MeHg concentrations ranged from 16.7 to 3320 ng g⁻¹ and 0.01 to 1.34 ng g⁻¹, respectively. THg levels are highest in the top 0-20 cm soil layer, and decrease from the surface to bottom layer soil. Spatial variation was observed with different types of land use. Urban parks had the highest concentrations and the other areas tended to decrease in the order of residential areas, industrial areas, vegetable fields, cereal fields, and woodlands. Temporal variation was also noted, and two relatively high THg contamination zones located in the northwestern part of the PRD have significantly expanded over the last two decades. Both THg and MeHg concentrations were correlated significantly with soil organic matter (OM), but not with soil pH. THg pollution status was evaluated using two assessment methods.     

起重机主梁变形三维激光扫描检测技术研究

在役起重机主梁变形是导致起重机事故发生的重要因素之一.国内现阶段对于起重机主梁变形检测还停留在传统的检测方法.其检测低效率、实施高风险、结果多误差等因素使传统检测方法暴露出诸多弊端.文章通过对比验证,引入三维激光扫描检测方法,对起重机主梁腹板进行扫描并建模分析得出主梁腹板整体变形的结果,此方法可以提高腹板变形检测数据精...     

生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染分析及控制措施探析

生活垃圾填埋场在运营过程中容易产生恶臭气体,恶臭气体的控制也是困扰生活垃圾填埋场环保运营的一个主要环保问题。恶臭气体的无组织排放易引发填埋场周边居民环保投诉。因此,全面查找恶臭气体来源,制定有针对性控制措施,加强恶臭污染物的收集处理,将有效降低恶臭污染物对周边环境的影响,提升生活垃圾填埋场周边的大气环境质量。     

城镇污水二级处理和再生水三级处理过程的雌激素活性变化

环境雌激素污染与野生动物性别比例和繁殖密切相关,是人体生殖功能紊乱、发育异常、心血管疾病和癌症发生等的重要因素之一。针对污水处理厂排水造成的环境雌激素污染,采用重组酵母菌方法研究大连、沈阳、哈尔滨和天津的5个典型城市污水厂和再生水厂水处理过程中雌激素活性的变化规律,分析二级处理和再生水厂三级处理对环境雌激素的削减效率。4个采用活性污泥法和紫外消毒工艺的污水厂出水的雌激素当量(EEQ)为0.5～1.5 ng·L~(-1)。再生水厂三级处理工艺的出水雌激素活性低于检测限(0.02 ng·L~(-1))。分级组分测试结果显示,污水雌激素活性主要由强极性组分和弱极性组分引起,紫外消毒后强极性组分雌激素活性升高。4个城市污水处理厂一级处理和活性污泥处理对环境雌激素的削减率为46%～81%,紫外消毒的削减率为5.2%～22%。某再生水厂混凝、微滤和反渗透对环境雌激素的削减率分别为63%、16%和98%。研究表明,活性污泥法二级处理排水回用仍造成一定程度环境雌激素污染,三级处理工艺可有效提高环境雌激素污染物削减率。     

环境剂量磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯多代暴露对斑马鱼子代仔鱼的神经发育毒性

为探究环境剂量磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯(TDCIPP)多代暴露对生物体的影响,选取斑马鱼为模型,研究了斑马鱼暴露于0、3、30和300 ng·L~(-1)TDCIPP至3代后,对每一代子代5 dpf仔鱼神经发育的毒性效应。研究结果表明,F0代暴露于300ng·L~(-1)TDCIPP 120 d后所产F1代仔鱼的孵化率显著性下降,存活率显著性降低;但对F2代和F3代仔鱼的这些终点指标均无显著性影响。运动行为结果表明,F0代暴露于3和300 ng·L~(-1)TDCIPP 120 d会导致F1代仔鱼在光暗周期刺激下的游泳速度受到抑制,并伴随着神经元发育基因(ngn1)以及轴突生长标志基因(α1-tubulin、netrin1b和zn5)的显著性上调,相关性分析表明,游泳速度的抑制与ngn1、α1-tubulin和zn5这3个基因的表达显著相关。但对F2代仔鱼,仅300 ng·L~(-1)TDCIPP导致其游泳速度在黑暗刺激下显著性下降,且导致神经发育和再生相关基因(elavl3、gap43、gfap和shha)表达量显著性下降,但游泳速度的下降与基因表达无显著相关性。继续暴露至F3代仔鱼时,TDCIPP暴露对运动行为不再有显著影响。研究表明,环境剂量TDCIPP多代暴露对子代仔鱼具有神经发育毒性,表现为运动行为受损和神经发育相关基因表达量的改变,但毒性效应随着暴露代数的增加而减弱。     

A far-near sparse covariance model with application in climatology

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Teleconnection, the strong dependence between two distant locations, provides interesting information for discovering the structures in spatial data. While...