环境规划实施效果评估方法比较研究

科学合理的评估方法体系对于环境规划的实施绩效起着不可替代的作用。为更有效地开展环境规划实施效果的评估,总结国内外关于环境规划实施效果的评估方法,重点概述了对比分析、逻辑框架、环境经济预测分析、环境绩效评估等评估方法。并对这几类方法进行了对比分析,剖析各方法应用的区域范围、评估的步骤、优点和局限性及评估重点等,总结出建立有效的环境规划实施效果评估方法体系,需要综合各种方法,并就具体的环境规划而言,选择合适方法,综合运用,为环境规划实施效果评估的深入开展和具体实施提供理论依据。     

浅析美国CBRN过滤式逃生面具标准

美国"9·11"恐怖袭击事件后,反恐怖成为国际社会空前关注的焦点问题。在诸多形式的恐怖威胁中,尤其需要关注恐怖组织利用生、化、放、核(CBRN)毒害性武器或材料实施恐怖袭击所带来的严重威胁。在防范和处置CBRN恐怖袭击事件过程中,最重要的问题就是保护应急反应人员和公众的生命安     

深水测试地面流程节流油嘴段温压场研究

为对深水高压气井测试地面流程中的节流油嘴段的温压场及水合物生成情况进行研究,采用数值模拟的方式对整个节流管路进行气体流动特性分析.并利用P-T图回归公式法,得出不同温压场条件下的水合物生成情况,进行水合物生成范围对比.结果表明:针阀出口后端气体速度随着管路入口压力和针阀直径的增大而增大,随管路出口压力的增大而减小,而气...     

大区域环境噪声评价模型NEM的构建及应用

提出一种适用于大区域噪声评价的模型——NEM模型,该模型综合考虑暴露人群和声环境功能区差异,并根据城市声环境质量标准及噪声对人体健康的影响程度进行了分级表征。文章运用该模型对广州市噪声状况进行评价,同时将评价结果分别与NPI法和NII法的评价结果进行对比。对比结果表明:NEM模型用于大区域环境噪声评价科学合理,结论可靠。     

Optimization of C/N ratio preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers' grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers‘ grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established.At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth,called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed.For each combination of C and N,their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined.Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria.The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus.The conditions of fermentation are:inoculum size 10%,temperature 30.0℃,rotational speed 170 r/min,shake culture time 48h.The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are:maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium,maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%.Optimal C/N is 5.1。     

基于灰色神经网络的腐蚀损伤模型

为在小样本情况下对腐蚀损伤进行预测,结合灰色系统与神经网络,提出了灰色神经网络模型,利用该模型对已知腐蚀损伤数据进行了预测检验。为对比研究,同时采用灰色系统与神经网络方法预测了损伤值。结果表明,3种预测模型中,灰色神经网络预测精度最高,能够满足工程使用要求。     

城市污泥-猪粪混合堆肥过程中湿度的层次效应及其动态变化

由城市污泥、猪粪混合堆肥试验表明:升温期堆体各剖面的湿度在50.82%～60.87%之间,高温期在38.7%～52.17%之间;升温期和高温期堆体中湿度的层次效应不明显,堆肥仓门、仓内壁以及堆体深度对湿度层次效应的影响较小;降温期堆体各剖面的湿度在24.54%～49.39%之间,湿度层次效应非常明显,仓门、仓内壁和堆体深度对湿度层次效应产生明显影响;后熟期堆体各剖面的湿度在19.18%～49.34%之间,湿度层次效应相对减弱,仓门和仓内壁是导致湿度层次效应减弱的重要原因.不同堆肥期堆体剖面的湿度差异由大到小为:后熟期>降温期>高温期＝升温期,堆体的湿度由大到小为:下部>中部>上部.堆肥过程中湿度随时间的变化满足二级动力学方程.     

16000m~3/h制氧机组噪声治理

制氧机组均有各种类型的空压机、氧压机、氮压机以及透平膨胀机、气体输送管道等高噪声设备,声源多、声级高、分布面广,屏蔽效应复杂,对噪声源强的全面、准确分析以及针对性的隔声、消声、吸声等降噪措施,是治理制氧机组噪声的成功经验。     

Effects of advanced oxidation pretreatment on residual aluminum control in high humic acid water purification

Due to the formation of disinfection by-products and high concentrations of Al residue in drinking water purification, humic substances are a major component of organic matter in natural waters and have therefore received a great deal of attention in recent years. We investigated the effects of advanced oxidation pretreatment methods usually applied for removing dissolved organic matters on residual Al control. Results showed that the presence of humic acid increased residual Al concentration notably. With 15 mg/L of humic acid in raw water, the concentrations of soluble aluminum and total aluminum in the treated water were close to the quantity of Al addition. After increasing coagulant dosage from 12 to 120 mg/L, the total-Al in the treated water was controlled to below 0.2 mg/L. Purification systems with ozonation, chlorination, or potassium permanganate oxidation pretreatment units had little effects on residual Al control; while UV radiation decreased Al concentration notably. Combined with ozonation, the effects of UV radiation were enhanced. Optimal dosages were 0.5 mg O3/mg C and 3 hr for raw water with 15 mg/L of humic acid. Under UV light radiation, the combined forces or bonds that existed among humic acid molecules were destroyed; adsorption sites increased positively with radiation time, which promoted adsorption of humic acid onto polymeric aluminum and Al(OH)3(s). This work provides a new solution for humic acid coagulation and residual Al control for raw water with humic acid purification.     

湿法变相静电分离净化工艺对烟气脱硫除尘效果研究

通过湿法喷淋使锅炉烟气中的SO2等气体污染物被石灰水吸收而转入液相,再利用高压静电分离进一步去除烟气中的含硫雾滴及细尘粒等,是一种新型的高效脱硫除尘工艺。实验研究结果表明,在石灰水中Ca(OH)2含量为0.90%,石灰水用量为0.4 t/h的条件下的脱硫效率可达99%;湿式静电分离的电压对除尘效率具有显著影响,随着电压升高,除尘效率呈明显增大趋势。