2012年上半年我国南方地区极端阴雨天气评价——以湖南省为例

基于湖南省97个地面气象观测站观测资料,根据所选定的阴雨天气评价指标,运用数理统计方法,对2012年上半年湖南省阴雨天气特征及强度进行分析评估,结果表明,阴雨天气阶段性特征显著,属隆冬至初春历史罕见的寡照低温多雨事件与初春至初夏的极端多雨寡照事件的组合。同时根据社会调查数据对阴雨天气的影响展开多方位分析,得出低温阴雨天气不仅对农业造成了重大影响,而且对水利、交通、建筑业等多行业和人们身体健康也有较大影响,以此提出了应对极端天气气候事件的对策建议。     

有机磷农药草甘膦异丙胺盐对球形棕囊藻的刺激效应

设置0、0．001、0．01、0．1、l和10mg·L-16个质量浓度梯度,测定了草甘膦异丙胺盐（Glyphosate—isopropylammonium）农药对球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）生长、叶绿素a含量、SOD和CAT活性的影响,探讨了有机磷农药对球形棕囊藻的毒物刺激效应。结果表明,低浓度的草甘膦异丙胺盐对球形棕囊藻的生长呈现出刺激效应。在实验所设定的6个质量浓度梯度范围内,0．001mg·L0和0．01mg·L-1质量浓度处理下的刺激效应最为显著。该两个质量浓度处理下,球形棕囊藻的平均相对增长率比对照分别提高了1．27％和0．45％,叶绿素a含量分别比对照提高了9．2％和2．5％,SOD活性提高了5．9％和7．2％,CAT活性提高了93％和155％;而当草甘膦异丙胺盐质量浓度在0．1mg·L-1以上时,球形棕囊藻的生长率、叶绿素a含量、SOD活性均显著低于对照。草甘膦异丙胺盐在0．001mg·L-1和0．01mg·L-1范围内对球形棕囊藻均呈现刺激效应,而高于0．1mg·L-1时球形棕囊藻各生理指标表现出显著抑制效应。研究结果为了解有机磷农药对海洋微藻生长的影响特征,揭示有机磷农药对微藻产生低促高抑的规律和为深入探索赤潮暴发的成因提供依据。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对三角褐指藻的生态毒性效应

为了研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）对海洋微藻的生态毒性效应,选择三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）作为受试对象,设置7个DBP质量浓度处理,即丙酮对照组、2.5、3、3.5、4、5和7.5mg·L-1,测定了三角褐指藻的生长、光合色素质量浓度和叶绿素荧光特性等指标。结果表明：DBP各暴露组对三角褐指藻的生长均有显著抑制作用,三角褐指藻不能耐受7.5mg·L-1的DBP,当DBP质量浓度为5mg·L-1时,三角褐指藻在前2天几乎没有生长,从第3天开始恢复生长,并很快进入指数生长期;叶绿素a、c及类胡萝卜素质量浓度也随着DBP暴露浓度的增大而逐渐降低;随着DBP暴露浓度的升高,三角褐指藻光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ的潜在活性（Fv/F0）、实际光能转化效率（Yield）和光合电子传递效率（ETR）均降低,但与对照组相比,低质量浓度处理组（≤4mg·L-1）,各指标下降不明显,而5mg·L-1的实验组在胁迫12h后,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Yield、ETR逐渐上升,其参数值甚至超过其它处理组。     

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Investigations on Groundwater Salinization in the Datong Basin,Northern China1

Abstract: Analyses of major elements, environmental isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O, δ²H), and PHREEQC inverse modeling investigations were conducted to understand the processes controlling the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The hydrochemical results showed that groundwater with high total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations was dominated by sodium bicarbonate (Na‐HCO₃), sodium chlorite (Na‐Cl), and sodium sulfate (Na‐SO₄) type waters, whereas low‐TDS groundwater from near mountain areas was dominated by calcium bicarbonate (Ca‐HCO₃) and magnesium bicarbonate (Mg‐HCO₃) type waters. The characterization of the major components of groundwater and PHREEQC inverse modeling indicated that the aluminosilicate hydrolysis, cation exchange, and dissolution of evaporites (halite, mirabilite, and gypsum) governed the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The environmental isotope (δ¹⁸O, δ²H) and Cl^?/Br^? ratios revealed the impact of fast vertical recharge by irrigation returns and salt‐flushing water on the groundwater salinization. According to the analyses of major hydrochemical components and PHREEQC inverse modeling, evaporite dissolution associated with irrigation and salt‐flushing practice was probably the dominant controlling factor for the groundwater salinization, especially in the central part of the basin. Therefore, groundwater pumping for irrigation and salt‐flushing should be controlled to protect groundwater quality in this area.     

Peracetic Acid Sanitation on Arugula Microgreens Contaminated with Surface-Attached and Internalized Tulane Virus and Rotavirus

Food and Environmental Virology - Hydroponic production of vegetables is becoming more common, especially in regions with unfavorable climate for year-round crop production. However, if viruses are...     

草木樨在汞胁迫下的遗传分化研究

以草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)种子为研究对象,将其暴露于0、20、40和60 mg·L-1浓度的氯化汞中进行萌发,并对存活的幼苗利用水平淀粉凝胶电泳进行等位酶分析.结果表明,草木樨在Me和Pgi基因座具有多态性,其平均的等位基因数为3.0基因座-1,杂合性为0.332 - 0.342,草木樨符合...     

A fast antibiotic detection method for simplified pretreatment through spectra-based machine learning

• A spectral machine learning approach is proposed for predicting mixed antibiotic. • Pretreatment is far simpler than traditional detection methods. • Performance of the model is compared in different influencing factors. • Spectral machine learning is promising in the detection of complex substances. Antibiotics are widely used in medicine and animal husbandry. However, due to the resistance of antibiotics to degradation, large amounts of antibiotics enter the environment, posing a potential risk to the ecosystem and public health. Therefore, the detection of antibiotics in the environment is necessary. Nevertheless, conventional detection methods usually involve complex pretreatment techniques and expensive instrumentation, which impose considerable time and economic costs. In this paper, we proposed a method for the fast detection of mixed antibiotics based on simplified pretreatment using spectral machine learning. With the help of a modified spectrometer, a large number of characteristic images were generated to map antibiotic information. The relationship between characteristic images and antibiotic concentrations was established by machine learning model. The coefficient of determination and root mean squared error were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the machine learning model. The results show that a well-trained machine learning model can accurately predict multiple antibiotic concentrations simultaneously with almost no pretreatment. The results from this study have some referential value for promoting the development of environmental detection technologies and digital environmental management strategies.     

Semi-closed synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen Co-doped mesoporous carbon for selective aqueous oxidation

Heteroatom-doped meso/micro-porous carbon materials are conventionally produced by harsh carbonization under an inert atmosphere involving specific precursors, hard/soft templates, and heteroatom-containing agents. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of N and O co-doped meso/micro-porous carbon (NOMC) by template-free carbonization of a small-molecule precursor in a semi-closed system. The semi-closed carbonizaiton process yields hydrophilic NOMCs with large surface area in a high yield. The porous structure as well as the elemental composition of NOMCs can be modulated by changing the holding time at a particular temperature. NOMCs as metal-free heterogeneous catalysts can selectively oxidize benzyl alcohol and its derivatives into aldehydes/ketones with>85％conversion in aqueous solution, which is much higher than that of the control sample obtained in tube furnace (21％conversion), mainly due to their high N content, high percentage of pyridinic N, and large surface area. The presence of O-containing moieties also helps to improve the hydrophilicity and dispersion ability of catalysts and thus facilitates the mass transfer process during aqueous oxidation. The NOMC catalysts also dispayed excellent activity for a wide range of substrates with a selectivity of>99％.     

Degradation of the typical herbicide atrazine by UV/persulfate: kinetics and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Atrazine (ATZ), a widely used herbicide, had received a significant amount of attention due to its widespread detection in aquatic environments as...     

Effects of ambient air pollution on glycosylated hemoglobin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental health problems in the world; accumulative studies have shown that air pollution was closely related...