不同态二氧化钛处理模拟印染废水的研究

以普通载玻片为基底材料,负载态和悬浮态的纳米二氧化钛/普通二氧化钛被用于处理甲基红模拟印染废水,实验结果表明:纳米二氧化钛的脱色效果明显优于普通的二氧化钛,适当增加负载量和处理时间,负载态的处理效果与悬浮态相当。首次提出了由光源决定的纳米光催化活性激发理论,解释了不同光源辐照时脱色率变化曲线差异的问题,并发现纳米TiO2光催化氧化模拟印染废水的脱色反应,主要由吸附过程控制的表面反应机理;150 mL模拟印染废水中,加入3块纳米TiO2负载量1 mg/cm2的普通载玻片,3~5 mL ClO2或H2O2,紫外光照60 min后,脱色率达到99.2%。     

景观富营养水体生态修复对浮游植物群落结构的影响

对以再生水为补给水源的北京稻香湖园林水系进行生态修复实验。通过对浮游植物群落和理化指标的分析,探讨浮游植物对生态修复的响应和修复效果。结果显示,生态修复实验实施后,TN、TP、COD和BOD5分别下降62.55%、66.42%、48.53%和40.95%,富营养程度明显降低;浮游植物密度和Chl-a含量分别下降86.1%和77.4%;Shan-non-Weaver物种多样性指数值从生态修复前低于2上升到2.74,且优势种群发生演替。相关分析表明:TP、PO4-P、pH与浮游植物密度呈极显著正相关(P(0.01);TN、NH4-N、NO2-N、COD和DO与浮游植物密度呈显著正相关(P(0.05);Chl-a含量与浮游植物密度呈极显著正相关(P(0.01)。浮游植物群落结构对城市富营养景观水系的生态修复措施表现出明显的响应。     

小型燃油锅炉NO_x的排放特征与管理控制

以68台燃油锅炉(≤10.5 MW)NO_x排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了NO_x的排放特征;通过对比分析,探讨了我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放控制与管理现状,讨论了进一步加强我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放管理控制的可能性与可行性,并提出了相应的管理控制建议。结果表明,NO_x平均排放浓度为318.2 mg/m~3,基于燃料消耗量的平均排放因子为4.4 kg/t,基于燃料发热量的平均排放因子为102.8 ng/J,基于燃料氮含量的平均排放因子为2.1 mg/mg;建议采取分阶段控制的方式,逐步提高NO_x排放限制,从而实现控源减排目标。     

Air Quality Impact of the Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Northern Passageway of the China West-East Power Transmission Project

Abstract

This paper analyzes the air quality impacts of coal-fired power plants in the northern passageway of the West-East Power Transmission Project in China. A three-layer Lagrangian model called ATMOS, was used to simulate the spatial distribution of incremental sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and coarse particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations under different emission control scenarios. In the year 2005, the emissions from planned power plants mainly affected the air quality of Shanxi, Shaanxi, the common boundary of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, and the area around the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. In these areas, the annually averaged incremental SO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations exceed 2 and 2.5 µg/m3, respectively. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations are 8.3 and 7.2 µg/m³, respectively, which occur around Hancheng city, near the boundary of the Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. After integrated control measures are considered, the maximum increases of annually averaged SO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations fall to 4.9 and 4 µg/m³, respectively. In the year 2010, the areas affected by planned power plants are mainly North Shaanxi, North Ningxia, and Northwest Shanxi. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations are, respectively, 6.3 and 5.6 µg/m³, occurring in Northwest Shanxi, which decline to 4.4 and 4.1 µg/m³ after the control measures are implemented. The results showed that the proposed power plants mainly affect the air quality of the region where the power plants are built, with little impact on East China where the electricity will be used. The influences of planned power plants on air quality will be decreased greatly by implementing integrated control measures.     

浅谈油气开发与环境安全

文章分析了油气能源现状、油气开发与环境的关系、油气开发与环境安全的关系,油气开发中的环境保护对策与环境监理。得出:油气开发既要做到和谐生产,又要保护环境;在油气开发中,对环境有影响的应加大修复力度,采取相应的环境保护措施,确保有效、长效的环境保护目标。     

Absorption of NO and NO2 in caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium halide ionic liquids

To explore environmentally benign solvents for the absorption of NO and NO2, a series of caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium halide ionic liquids were synthesized. The solubility of NO and NO2 was measured at temperatures ranging from 298.2 to 363.2 K and atmospheric pressure, and the following trend in the solubility of NO and NO2 in ionic liquids with various halide anions was observed, respectively: F > Br > Cl and Br > Cl > F. Moreover, as the temperature increased from 308.15 to 363.15 K and the mole ratio of caprolactam increased from 2:1 to 6:1, the solubility of NO increased. Alternatively, the solubility of NO2 decreased as the temperature increased from 298.15 to 363.15 K, and the mole ratio of caprolactam increased from 2:1 to 6:1. The absorption and desorption of NO and NO2 was practically reversible in the ionic liquids, which was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The method, which is at least partially reversible, offers interesting possibilities for the removal of NO and NO2.     

Design of a compact dilution sampler for stationary combustion sources

The dilution sampling method simulates the rapid cooling and dilution processes after hot flue gas have left the stack. This allows gases or vapors to nucleate both homogeneously and heterogeneously, and to condense on preexisting particles in processes analogous to those that occur in the ambient environment. Using this method the authors can collect filterable particulate matter (PM) and condensible PM, that is, primary PM, simultaneously. In order to make this method more suitable for field investigation, a compact dilution sampler was developed. The sampler enhances mixing of dilution air with the stack gas, and thus shortens the length of the mixing section. The design decreases the nominal flow rate through the aging section, and accordingly reduces the size of the residence chamber. The decreased size of the sampler is suitable for field test. Sampling gas is pressured into the residence chamber, and air pressure in the chamber is micro-positive. Uncollected redundant gas is automatically discharged through unused sampling ports, which keeps the unit stable. Performance evaluation tests demonstrate that the design is reasonable. The sampler has been applied to characterize PM emissions from various combustion sources in China.     

引汉济渭工程地质灾害风险预测

陕西省引汉济渭工程属于跨流域大型水利工程,5个单元工程呈线状跨越构造剥蚀山地和断陷盆地,工程地质性质差异大,易发生地质灾害。实地调查地质灾害点共72处,其中滑坡66处,崩塌3处,泥石流3处。现状评估认为地质灾害危险性中等13处,其余59处均为危险性小。预测评估认为工程本身可能遭受31处地质灾害威胁,危险性小28处,危险性中等3处;工程建设可能加剧地质灾害39处,危险性小36处,危险性中等3处;工程建设可能引发地质灾害30处,危险性小15处,危险性中等15处。综合评估工程主要位于危险性小的区段,受地质灾害危害不大,风险较低。     

柴油车尾气颗粒物净化用SiC过滤材料的研究与应用

近年来,SiC材料作为一种新型的柴油车尾气颗粒物过滤材料获得了迅速发展,正逐步取代目前广泛应用的堇青石多孔陶瓷材料.结合堇青石和SiC过滤材料的性能特点,重点概述了2种SiC改性过滤材料(重结晶SiC.RSiC和硅结合SiC,Si-SiC)的研究和应用进展,并介绍了SiC颗粒物过滤器的市场现状和发展前景.     

遥控器在桥式起重机上的应用

在桥式起重机上加装遥控装置,既解决了操作者的上下车之苦,又确保了安全生产。