大气中氯氟烃类物质浓度变化的研究

通过低温脱水和低温浓缩,建立了用气相色谱测定大气中超痕量氯氟烃类物质的分析。方法,对上海市清洁大气中ＣＦＣｓ本底浓度进行了监测,并与日本东京大学的数据进行了比较。     

风雪千里松花江--国家环保总局局长周生贤在松花江污染防控一线工作纪实

面对松花江水污染事件,党中央、国务院及时做出了重要部署,国家环境总局局长周生贤履新伊始,就以对党和人民高度负责的精神直接奔赴松花江污染防控最前线．于冰天雪地里辗转上千公里,现场指导这场罕见的污染防控大战役。本刊特约记者段松君跟随周局长一行,真实记录了周局长与一线环保工作者并肩战斗,共同为保障松花江两岸人民的生产生活安全艰苦奋斗的日日夜夜,刊发这篇独家报道,是想以展现防控前线将士的精神风貌,激发全国环保工作者保障国家环境安全的责任感和使命感;还想以记录审慎决策下的防控工作进展,让党和国家放心,让全国人民放心！[编者按]     

阻尼式脉动气流分选装置处理电子废弃物的基础研究

采用机械物理回收方法对电子废弃物进行资源化利用具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。针对电子废弃物的特点,作者采用阻尼式脉动气流分选装置对电子废弃物中有价组分的分选进行了研究。研究表明,与传统气流分选装置相比,阻尼式脉动气流分选装置可获得更高的分选效率和更宽范围的操作条件。     

PROTECTING BEIJLNG'S MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY THROUGH WATERSHED MANAGEMEN AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: Watersheds above the Miyun reservoir, a principal source of surface water for Beijing, are designated to be managed for water production, but under the principle of multiple use. Because of the scarcity of arable land, these watersheds cannot be managed only for drinking water. Efforts are under way to reduce sediment delivery, improve the quality of water entering Miyun reservoir, and improve the welfare of watershed inhabitants. An economic appraisal of a watershed management project for the 3,298‐ha Shixia watershed above the Miyun reservoir, indicates a 24 percent economic rate of return on the investment made in the project. The net present value (NPV) of the project, calculated at a discount rate of 10 percent, is approximately US$3.49 million. Sensitivity analyses indicate that a doubling of labor costs lowers the NPV to US$2.07 million and a 10 percent decrease in benefits lowered the NPV to US$2.87. It is concluded that the implementation of conservation practices on the Shixia Demonstration Watershed represent an economically efficient use of resources.     

水质管理规划中BOD5响应矩阵的一种改型模式

本文推导对水质管理规划中经典BOD5响应矩阵的一种改型模式,并对数值例加以阐述.该模式以BOD5总量为控制对象,任一河流断面的BOD5输入量在此响应矩阵中仅出现一次,从而使响应关系由下三角矩阵改变为每一行均含三个变量的稀疏矩阵。这一改型不仅提高了计算速度,更重要的是,由于改型模式具有运输问题类型良好的特殊结构,可以方便地判断一个水质管理规划问题是否可行和给出可行的充分必要条件,这一特性具有较大的实际经济意义.改型模式与经典模式所需数据完全相同。      

沥青混凝土装车烟气的除尘净化和余热回收

针对沥青混凝土装车时冲击车厢产生的大量烟尘和有毒气体治理的这一难题 ,设计了一套环保装置。该装置及其工艺过程包括集气罩、喷射器、燃烧室、废气余热回收 4个部分 ,先后将沥青混凝土装车时冲击产生的大量烟尘全部密封在车厢里 ,并利用引风机喷射造成的负压将烟尘抽出并引射到高温燃烧室中 ,使沥青烟气和空气中的氧气发生裂解、燃烧高温反应 ,保证烟气中的烷烃类化合物以及微粒碳粉完全转化为氧化物 ;从燃烧室出来的废气温度高达70 0～ 80 0℃ ,通过热风管道引入到干燥筒 ,在沙石干燥过程中回收废气中的余热 ,并利用原有除尘装置实现了环保达标、投资回报效益高的双重目标。     

Reduced cadmium accumulation in tobacco by sodium chloride priming

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens agricultural security worldwide. This study tested the efficacy of priming chemicals to decrease Cd uptake by tobacco...     

Seasonal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its influencing factors in an apple orchard in the Loess Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Loess Plateau is the largest apple cultivation region in the world. However, the role of rain-fed apple orchards as carbon sinks or sources,...     

Specific absorption and backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents in Poyang Lake, China

Obtaining and analyzing the specific inherent optical properties (SIOPs) of water bodies is necessary for bio-optical model development and remote sensing-based water quality retrievals and, further, for related ecological studies of aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to measure and analyze the specific absorption and backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents in Poyang Lake, China. The specific absorption and/or backscattering coefficients of the main water constituents at 85 sampling sites (47 in 2010 and 38 in 2011) were measured and analyzed as follows: (1) the concentrations of chlorophyll a (C _CHL), suspended particulate matter (C _SPM) (including suspended particulate inorganic matter (C _SPIM) and suspended particulate organic matter (C _SPOM)), and the absorption coefficients of total particulate (a _p), phytoplankton (a _ph), and non-pigment particulate (a _d) were measured in the laboratory; (2) the total backscattering coefficients at six wavelengths of 420, 442, 470, 510, 590, and 700 nm, including the contribution of pure water, were measured in the field with a HydroScat-6 backscattering sensor, and the backscattering coefficients without the contribution of pure water (b _b) were then derived by subtracting the backscattering coefficients of pure water from the total backscattering coefficients; (3) the specific absorption coefficients of total particulate ( $ a_{\mathrm{p}}^{ * } $ ), phytoplankton ( $ {a_{{\mathrm{ph}}}}^{ * } $ ), and non-pigment particulate ( $ a_{\mathrm{d}}^{ * } $ ) were calculated by dividing a _p, a _ph, and a _d by C _SPM, C _CHL, and C _SPIM, respectively, while the specific backscattering coefficients of total suspended particulate matter ( $ b_{\mathrm{b}}^{ * } $ ) were calculated by dividing b _b by C _SPM; and (4) the $ {a_{{\mathrm{ph}}}}^{ * } $ , $ a_{\mathrm{d}}^{ * } $ , $ a_{\mathrm{p}}^{ * } $ and $ b_{\mathrm{b}}^{ * } $ of the remaining samples (46 in 2010 and 36 in 2011) were visualized and analyzed, and their relations to C _CHL, C _SPIM or C _SPM were studied, respectively. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) the $ {a_{{\mathrm{ph}}}}^{ * } $ values at 440 nm were 0.0367–0.7203 m²?mg^?1 with a mean of 0.1623?±?0.1426 m²?mg^?1 in 2010 and 0.0319–0.7735 m²?mg^?1 with a mean of 0.3145?±?0.1961 m²?mg^?1 in 2011; there existed significant, negative, and moderate correlations between $ {a_{{\mathrm{ph}}}}^{ * } $ and C _CHL at 400–700 nm in 2010 and 2011 (p?<?0.05); (2) The $ a_{\mathrm{d}}^{ * } $ values at 440 nm were 0.0672–0.2043 m²?g^?1 with a mean of 0.1022?±?0.0326 m²?g^?1 in 2010 and 0.0559–0.1347 m²?g^?1 with a mean of 0.0953?±?0.0196 m²?g^?1 in 2011; there existed negative correlations between $ a_{\mathrm{d}}^{ * } $ and C _SPIM, while the correlations showed overall decreasing and increasing trends before and after around 575 nm with increasing wavelengths, respectively; (3) The $ a_{\mathrm{p}}^{ * } $ values at 440 nm were 0.0690–0.1929 m²?g^?1 with a mean of 0.1036?±?0.0298 m²?g^?1 in 2010 and 0.0571–0.1321 m²?g^?1 with a mean of 0.1014?±?0.0191 m²?g^?1 in 2011, and the negative correlations between $ a_{\mathrm{p}}^{ * } $ and C _SPM were found in both years; (4) The $ b_{\mathrm{b}}^{ * } $ at the six wavelengths generally decreased with increasing wavelengths, while the $ b_{\mathrm{b}}^{ * } $ values at 420 nm were lower than those at 442 nm for some samples; the correlation between $ b_{\mathrm{b}}^{ * } $ and C _SPM increased with increasing wavelength. Such results can only represent the SIOPs during the sampling time periods, and more measurements and analyses considering different seasons need to be carried out in the future to comprehensively understand the SIOPs of Poyang Lake.     

Dissolved inorganic tin sources and its coupling with eco-environments in Bohai Bay

Dissolved inorganic tin (DISn) and its spatial variation were examined in Bohai Bay seawaters to understand the DISn behavior and pollution in this area. DISn concentration gradually increased with the distance from the coast and showed a slight decrease with the increasing depth from surface water, suggesting the scavenged behavior of tin with an atmospheric input to surface water. Besides, the higher DISn values also were found near the Haihe Estuary inferring that the riverine input was a source of DISn. Based on the data in this study, a preliminary estimate of the tin budget via riverine input and atmospheric deposition has been established. According to our estimate, about 2 × 10⁶ and 8.47 × 10⁵ g/year of tin reach Bohai Bay via rivers and atmosphere. Environmental factors such as suspended particulate material, salinity, total organic matter, pH, nutrients, and phytoplankton had the important influences on DISn distribution. Among them, the negative correlation between DISn and phytoplankton at most stations might indicate the biological uptake of tin.