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891.
文章以毒死蜱和吡虫啉为受试农药,以4日龄内的意大利工蜂(Apis melifera L.)为受试生物,研究2种农药对意大利工蜂的10 d经口慢性毒性。结果显示:参比物质乐果对意大利工蜂的10 d半致死浓度(10 d-LC50)为0.550μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,平均每天半致死剂量(LDD50)为0.019μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1);在有效试验条件下,毒死蜱对意大利工蜂的10 d LC50为0.582μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,LDD50为0.021μg a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1);吡虫啉对意大利工蜂的10 d LC50为0.055μg a.i.·g~(-1)食物,LDD50为1.542 ng a.i.·蜂~(-1)·天~(-1)。试验结果可为毒死蜱和吡虫啉的安全使用提供科学参考,同时可促进我国农药对蜜蜂的安全性评价体系的完善。 相似文献
892.
Wei Wen Shuiyuan Cheng Lei Liu Gang Wang Xiaoqi Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(5):6
The objective of this paper is to propose a hybrid approach for the source apportionment of primary and secondary species of PM2.5 in the city of Tangshan. The receptor-based PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) is integrated with the emission inventory (EI) to form the first hybrid method for the source apportionment of the primary species. The hybrid CAMx-PSAT-CP (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions–Particulate Source Apportionment Technology–Chemical Profile) approach is then proposed and used for the source apportionment of the secondary species. The PM2.5 sources identified for Tangshan included the soil dust, the metallurgical industry, power plants, coalfired boilers, vehicles, cement production, and other sources. It is indicated that the PM2.5 pollution is a regional issue. Among all the identified sources, the metallurgy industry was the biggest contribution source to PM2.5, followed by coal-fired boilers, vehicles and soil dust. The other-source category plays a crucial role for PM2.5, particularly for the formation of secondary species and aerosols, and these other sources include non-specified sources such as agricultural activities, biomass combustion, residential emissions, etc. The source apportionment results could help the local authorities make sound policies and regulations to better protect the citizens from the local and regional PM2.5 pollution. The study also highlights the strength of utilizing the proposed hybrid approaches in the identification of PM2.5 sources. The techniques used in this study show considerable promise for further application to other regions as well as to identify other source categories of PM2.5.
相似文献
893.
东亚小花蝽是我国北方林木、果园和农田的优势天敌昆虫。为评估常用化学农药对东亚小花蝽的毒害作用,首次测定了16种田间常用化学农药对东亚小花蝽的24 h急性接触毒性,并进行了生态风险评估。结果表明所试除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂中的吡蚜酮对东亚小花蝽较为安全,3倍田间最高推荐剂量下的校正死亡率低于33.33%。阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和啶虫脒对东亚小花蝽的半数致死浓度LC0分别为36.567、15.798、4.992和4.487 mg a.i.·L~(-1)5,农田内风险可接受。噻虫嗪、联苯菊酯和呋虫胺对东亚小花蝽的LC_(50)分别为0. 002、0. 080和0. 968 mg a. i.·L~(-1),农田内危害商值分别为3 976.36、69.03和16.93,在农田内对东亚小花蝽造成的风险均不可接受。本研究的结果有助于合理施用化学农药以保护和利用东亚小花蝽。 相似文献
894.
895.
通过铁炭微电解法强化SBR工艺脱氮效果的试验研究了解到,在进水中氨氮浓度分别为30、60和100 mg/L时,微电解-SBR工艺对氨氮的去除效果比独立的SBR工艺有明显的优势,去除率可以维持在95%左右.在进水中总氮浓度分别为30和60 mg/L时,微电解-SBR工艺对总氮的去除率比SBR工艺提高了20%~30%,利用DO-微小电极对铁污泥絮体及同样条件下的活性污泥内部物质变化进行测试,结果表明,微电解-SBR工艺所以能强化脱氮效果是微电解物化作用及后续铁污泥系统发生好氧同步硝化反硝化脱氮作用的共同结果. 相似文献
896.
897.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3/ZnO/TiO2复合光催化剂,以紫外灯为光源,活性艳红K-2BP为模型降解物,研究了La2O3/ZnO/TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明:当锌和镧的掺杂量w(ZnO)=20%, w(La2O3)=0.5%, 煅烧温度为500℃时,La2O3/ZnO/TiO2复合光催化剂的光催化活性最高;当催化剂投加量4 g/L,通气量800 mL/min,初始pH值3.12时,La2O3/ZnO/TiO2对活性艳红K-2BP的降解效果最好。实验证明,La2O3/ZnO/TiO2对活性艳红K-2BP的降解遵从Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,测得其反应速率常数k=11.5 mg/(L·min);吸附常数K=2.88×10-2 L/mg。 相似文献
898.
Polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) for the removal of Cd(II): effects of organic ligands and solution pH 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study focused on the effects of pH and organic ligands, namely ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and citric acids, on the removal and recovery of Cd(II) in polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). Polyethylenimine (PEI), which can bind with both positively charged metal ions by coordination bonding and negatively charged ligand-metal complexes by charge attraction, was employed as a chelating polymer. The removal and recovery of Cd species was greatly dependent on the chemistry of organic ligands according to solution pH, particularly being related to the distribution of Cd-ligand complexes at different pH levels. In the presence of EDTA, the dominant Cd species are negatively charged Cd(EDTA)(2-) and CdH(EDTA)(-) over the range of pH levels investigated, interacting with PEI via electrostatic attraction and being less pH dependent. On the other hand, the pH effects of both NTA and citric acid systems are similar to that for the system without organic ligands. This was associated with the fact that free Cd ions were predominant at the acidic pH range in both NTA and citric acid systems. 相似文献
899.
水体中常见无机阴离子对TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲醛的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选择了5种水体中常见的阴离子(Cl-,SO2-4,HPO2-4/HPO2-4,HCO-3/CO2-3和NO-3),分别考查了其对TiO2薄膜光催化降解模拟甲醛废水的反应速率的影响;从上述离子的光吸收,对·OH的捕获及其生成的相应的无机自由基的氧化作用以及与甲醛的竞争吸附3个方面讨论了上述离子影响TiO2薄膜光催化降解模拟甲醛废水的反应速率的原因。结果表明,HCO-3/CO2-3对TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲醛具有抑制作用,Cl-和SO2-4的影响不大,H2PO-4/HPO2-4和NO-3具有促进作用。造成上述结果的主要原因是HCO-3/CO2-3具有很强的·OH捕获作用;Cl-,SO2-4对·OH捕获作用以及竞争吸附都较弱;H2PO-4/HPO2-4在TiO2表面具有较强的吸附能力,释放出的H+起到了酸催化剂的作用;NO-3在紫外光的照射下可以产生·OH,此外NO-3作为电子受体而降低了TiO2表面光生电子和空穴的复合几率。 相似文献
900.
Genotypic and environmental variation in chromium, cadmium and lead concentrations in rice 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Zeng F Mao Y Cheng W Wu F Zhang G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):309-314
Genotypic and environmental variation in Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations of rice grains and the interaction between these metals were investigated by using 138 rice genotypes grown in three contaminated soils. There were significant genotypic differences in the three heavy metal concentrations of rice grains, with the absolute difference among 138 genotypes in grain Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations being 24.5-, 9.1- and 23.8-folds, respectively, under the slightly contaminated soil (containing 4.61mgkg(-1) Cr, 1.09mgkg(-1) Cd and Pb 28.28mgkg(-1), respectively). A highly significant interaction occurred between genotype and environment (soil type) in the heavy metal concentrations of rice grains. Cr concentration in rice grains was not correlated with Cd and Pb concentration. However, there was a significant correlation between Cd and Pb in slightly and highly contaminated soils. The results suggest the possibility to develop the rice cultivars with low Cd and Pb concentrations in grain. 相似文献