A comparative study of the interaction between microhole sidewall and the plasma generated by nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation of deep microholes

High-aspect-ratio microholes have many industrial applications, but are difficult to produce. Femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser ablation may produce potential manufacturing solutions. However, the laser-induced plasma–microhole sidewall interaction has not been well understood for laser ablation of deep microholes, which may significantly affect the hole size and/or quality. This interaction has been investigated in this paper. Due to the huge challenges involved in direct experimental observations, a physics-based model is applied as the research tool, which has been verified by measurements from literatures on laser ablation of flat targets (without deep microholes) that are relatively easy to perform. The study shows that under the same laser pulse fluence, the fs laser-induced plasma generates larger transient peak heat flux to the sidewall than the ns laser pulse. However, the high-heat-flux region moves up very rapidly in the hole, and hence the sidewall temperature is not significantly raised and sidewall melting does not occur under the studied conditions. On the other hand, for the ns laser pulse, the induced plasma maintains a relatively high heat flux to the sidewall near the hole bottom for a much longer time, which yields obvious sidewall melting and surface vaporization. The results are consistent with the previously observed sidewall surface morphology for microholes drilled by fs and ns laser pulses in air with the same pulse energy.     

海胆状钴铜双金属活化过硫酸钠降解土壤中六氯联苯

以自制海胆状CoCu双金属为催化剂,以过硫酸钠(SPS)为氧化剂,探索了该催化氧化体系对土壤中六氯联苯(PCB_(153))的降解效果及影响因素,初步揭示了氧化机理.结果表明,CoCu-CN能高效催化SPS,30 min后PCB_(153)降解率达到80%;Cl~-或HCO~-_3对该体系的氧化性能产生抑制作用,抑制作用随着Cl~-或HCO~-_3浓度的增加而逐渐增强.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征与猝灭自由基反应表明,Cu~0和Co~(2+)是CoCu-CN+SPS体系中活化SPS的主要物质,SO■和·OH是两种最主要的活性物质.     

A sulfur-resistant CuS-modified active coke for mercury removal from municipal solid waste incineration flue gas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption is a typical method for air pollutant removal from flue gas. A CuS-modified active coke (CuS/AC) sorbent was developed to improve the...     

Effects of mangrove plant species on accumulation of heavy metals in sediment in a heavily polluted mangrove swamp in Pearl River Estuary,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The present study compared accumulation of heavy metals in a mangrove swamp dominated by Kandelia obovata with that by Sonneratia apetala in Pearl River...     

Detecting Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia by coagulation concentration and real-time PCR quantification

Rapid and sensitive pathogen detection methods are essential for the effective functioning of the water treatment industry, yet for many pathogens, effective detection and removal methods are still lacking. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts are two of the most common waterborne pathogens currently infecting the water supply. In this study, a new method was developed for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. The method includes multi-steps as coagulation concentration of (oo)cysts in water, the dissolution of the resulting flocs into a small volume using acid, filtration of the (oo)cysts solution, and DNA extraction, purification, and examination using real-time PCR. The method was tested using spiked tap water and reservoir water as references, and the mean recovery ranged from 19.6% to 97.6% for oocysts, and from 51.4% to 98.7% for cysts. The method is economical and convenient, and is especially suitable for relatively high turbidity surface water.     

岩溶区公路边坡监测TLS点云处理与3D场景构建研究

岩溶山区公路的工程地质条件极为脆弱,容易造成沿线边坡整体或局部滑坡,为保障岩溶山区公路的运营安全,对公路沿线易滑边坡进行定位监测分析是十分有必要的。选取云南九乡典型岩溶山区公路的一个易滑边坡作为实验监测对象,针对传统"点"式监测方法存在的不足,采用地面三维激光扫描(Terrestrial Laser Scanning,TLS)技术对该边坡实施了野外现场扫描并获得该易滑边坡现状的3D点云数据;基于I-Site Studio三维点云数据处理平台,开展了对该公路易滑边坡扫描获得的3D点云数据进行了配准、滤波去噪和空洞修复等预处理,以及精细化建模和三维场景构建等试验研究。整理得出了利用地面TLS技术进行岩溶山区公路易滑边坡3D点云数据采集、预处理和3D场景模拟分析等完整技术应用过程,并对TLS技术用于该实验区边坡监测的测量精度进行了评价。研究结果表明,相对于传统"点"式监测方法,地面TLS技术在岩溶山区公路沿线易滑边坡监测中能够获取更加丰富的空间三维数据,并构建出精细化的三维场景模型。     

污泥硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)与硫化氢释放

根据污泥低温干化工艺的特点,通过模拟试验,深入研究了不同类型污泥硫化氢在不同状态下的释放特征及其影响因素.同时,通过培养法,分析了不同类型污泥中SRB的生活量和活性及其与硫化氢释放量的对应关系.研究结果表明：污泥SRB的生活量越大、活性越强,硫化氢释放量就越大;中偏酸性污泥硫化氢的释放量大于碱性污泥,碱性污泥不仅能够中和硫化氢,而且可以抑制SRB的生长,减少因微生物作用而产生的硫化氢;污泥硫化氢释放量随干化温度的增高而增加,硫化氢的最大释放量发生在污泥干化的前期.上述研究结果为污泥干化过程中有效地控制硫化氢提供了科学依据.     

Biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated that the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient (R ²) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ could be regenerated and reused.     

如何利用水环境资源承载力确定城市规模研究——以天府新区为例

以水环境承载力的概念及内涵为基础,研究了天府新区规划初期水资源可持续利用的条件,并基于最大纳污量计算了可承载的区域人口和社会经济规模,为天府新区的区域整体发展规划提供依据.在天府新区新的发展目标下,论述了消除或缓解水资源的压力措施,即:改善和提高水资源管理水平甚至宏观社会经济决策水平,改善当地水资源承载状态,提高当地水资源系统对未来社会、经济、人口和生态环境的承载力.     

利用唐鱼雌激素受体构建环境雌激素重组酵母测评系统的研究

利用唐鱼雌激素受体基因片段构建重组酵母,用以筛选环境雌激素类化学物质.实验先将唐鱼雌激素受体terα基因片段插入载体pGADT7中构建表达质粒p GADT7/TERα,同时将雌激素效应元件(ere)片段插入pMP206载体中构建报告质粒pMP206/ERE-Lac Z;然后把表达质粒和报告质粒共转化到酵母AH109中,经筛选成功构建了由唐鱼雌激素受体调控的表达lac Z基因的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE.结果表明,所构建的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE在不同浓度17β-雌二醇(E2)的诱导下,β-半乳糖苷酶的活性呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系,其EC50为(0.521±0.700)nmol·L-1.与DMSO对照组相比,重组酵母在17β-雌二醇诱导下有明显的β-半乳糖苷酶活性增强的现象.在不同浓度17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、壬基酚(NP)及其混合物、双酚A(BPA)、17β-雌二醇(E2)(阳性对照)的诱导下,重组酵母均呈现出剂量-效应关系,且灵敏度大小为E2EE2NPBPA.结果表明,本研究成功构建了重组基因酵母测评系统,初步判定该重组酵母可应用于环境雌激素的筛选.