Distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in bottom ash derived from high-germanium coals

The radioactivity of uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash(CBA) may be a potential danger to the ambient environment and human health. Concerning the limited research on the distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in CBA, we herein report our investigations into this topic using a number of techniques including a five-step Tessier sequential extraction, hydrogen fluoride(HF) leaching, Siroquant(Rietveld) quantification, magnetic separation, and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The Tessier sequential extraction showed that the uranium in the residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was dominant(59.1%and 34.9%, respectively). The former was mainly incorporated into aluminosilicates,retained with glass and cristobalite, whereas the latter was especially enriched in the magnetic fraction, of which about 50% was present with magnetite(Fe_3O_4) and the rest in other iron oxides. In addition, the uranium in the magnetic fraction was 2.6 times that in the non-magnetic fraction. The experimental findings in this work may be important for establishing an effective strategy to reduce radioactivity from CBA for the protection of our local environment.     

Sulfate reducing bacterial community and in situ activity in mature fine tailings analyzed by real time qPCR and microsensor

Sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) play significant roles in anaerobic environments in oil sands mature fine tailings(MFTs). Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) is produced during the biological sulfate reduction process. The production of toxic H_2S is one of the concerns because it may hinder the landscape remediation efficiency of oil sands tailing ponds. In present study, the in situ activity and the community structure of SRB in MFT and gypsum amended MFT in two settling columns were investigated. Combined techniques of H_2S microsensor and dissimilatory sulfite reductase β-subunit(dsrB) genes-based real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) were applied to detect the in situ H_2S and the abundance of SRB. A higher diversity of SRB and more H_2S were observed in gypsum amended MFT than that in MFT, indicating a higher sulfate reduction activity in gypsum amended MFT; in addition, the activity of SRB varied as depth in both MFT and gypsum amended MFT: the deeper the more H_2S produced. Long-term plans for tailings management can be assessed more wisely with the information provided in this study.     

石油钻井废水处理研究进展

本文简述了处理石油钻井废水的研究现状,综述了常用的处理方法并对各种方法适用的范围以及优势和不足进行了分析。     

基于虚拟水的江苏省2009年水足迹分析

水足迹是基于消费基础的水资源利用情况的指示器,通过虚拟水贸易获得最大利益是水足迹分析方法的重要发展方向。在基于虚拟水计算方法的基础上对江苏省2009年水足迹进行了计算和评价,结果表明：2009年江苏省水足迹为866．75×10^8m^3,人均水足迹为1829m^3／人·年,水匮乏度为217％,水资源消费自给率为86．33％,较高的水资源自给率和水足迹给江苏省生态环境造成了巨大压力。实施虚拟水战略、改变消费模式、提高水资源利用率,已经成为缓解江苏省水资源短缺现状,实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径。     

浅议石油企事业HSE管理体系文件的编制

分析了企业在HSE管理体系文件的结构和形式、编制原则、步骤和方法上存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了国内石油企业在HSE管理体系文件编制过程中的注意事项。     

变电站倒闸操作风险分析与控制

分析了变电站倒闸操作过程的风险及造成操作失误的原因,从运行值班人员的管理、安全工具的使用、关键点控制和事故应急处理等方面,提出倒闸操作风险的控制措施,以防范事故的发生,确保变电站的安全运行。     

某市室内空气中甲醛污染调查与分析

通过问卷调查与现场检测明确某市室内空气中甲醛污染状况与甲醛浓度的影响因素。普通居民住宅内甲醛污染状况严重,在9套普通居民住宅中测定的26个房间样本,甲醛合格率仅为30.8%。在校园4个公共活动区测定的10个样本中,合格率为90.0%,污染状况较轻微。结果表明,室内甲醛浓度最主要的影响因素是大量建筑装饰材料的使用,其次是装修完工时间和通风换气量及频次。同时甲醛浓度与室内温度和相对湿度等其他因素有关。     

广州市水资源人口承载力研究

水资源是城市可持续发展的重要基础,科学分析城市水资源承载力与经济社会发展的关系,并基于此协调人口与水资源的关系,建立适应于城市水资源承载力的人类生活与生产方式,将有助于实现城市经济社会可持续发展。本文的计算思路是在对广州市水资源现状进行分析的基础之上,构建广州市水资源承载力评价指标体系,划定水资源承载力等级,对市各辖区相应的水资源承载力进行评价,同时结合广州市人口规划预测的人口数量及未来的供水能力等进行预测,以此提出提升水资源承载力的相关政策和措施。