Dynamic risk assessment of oil spill scenario for Three Gorges Reservoir in China based on numerical simulation

A novel method for dynamic risk assessment of oil spill accidents based on numerical simulation was presented in this paper. The dynamic risk assessment model was developed consisting of a comprehensive list of caused consequences like environmental damage, asset loss, health impact and social effect as well as emergency actions preventing these losses. Contributing events in the Mater Logic Diagram (MLD) of the dynamic risk assessment model were valued based on the simulated evolvement of oil contaminants under spill scenario on quasi-static fluid, which was obtained by coupling an oil spill model with hydrodynamic module in Jialing river of Three Gorges Reservoir in China after the impoundment of the reservoir to 175 m water level in 2010. Calculated result of dynamic risk as grade IV indicated that the assessed oil spill was not as catastrophic as we thought because of the slow transport of oil fractions on water surface and absence of dispersed oil in water body due to the quasi-static fluid, very gentle wind and effective emergency actions, as well as by the reason that rare agriculture or industrial crops exist in spill adjacent area.     

重金属含量对城市土壤真菌群落结构的影响

作为土壤微生物系统的一个重要组成部分,真菌可以明显地对土壤环境的变化起到指示作用;城市中的人为活动很容易影响到土壤状况,因此城市土壤往往有人为重金属富集现象的出现.对城市内部不同功能区土壤中的真菌群落结构进行分析,旨在探明城市内部不同功能区中重金属含量对土壤真菌群落结构的影响,为城市土壤生态系统的修复与保护和城市环境质...     

人工湿地对提高春小麦抗逆性的作用

黄河上游白银段,污水灌溉导致了春小麦的抗逆性下降。研究利用人工湿地处理受污黄灌水的春小麦,对提高春小麦抗逆性的作用。结果显示:人工湿地能够高效降低重金属在灌溉水中的含量,从而显著的(P<0.05)提高了春小麦的抗逆性,减轻了氧化损伤。因此,人工湿地可用于灌溉水的前处理中,以达提高灌溉水质量,从而减轻污灌水对春小麦的危害,确保农作物的安全和清洁生产。     

生态环境大数据研究与应用进展

生态环境大数据是为生态环保决策管理提供服务的大数据集、大数据技术和大数据应用的总称。生态环境大数据除了具有大数据的"6V"特征，还具有高维、高复杂性、高不确定性的"三高"特性。本文从生态环境大数据的定义和特征出发，阐述了国内外生态环境大数据的"萌芽-探索-应用-战略"的发展历程及其在科学研究、商业应用和政府决策等领域的主要应用，总结了基于第四研究范式的生态信息学理论基础和依托于信息技术和数据挖掘的技术方法，分析了当前形势下我国生态环境大数据应用面临的三大挑战，提出了未来生态环境大数据五大热点方向，生态环境大数据必将在推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化中发挥重要作用。     

一起换流变压器有载分接开关故障分析及处理

有载分接开关是换流变压器的重要部件。针对某±800 kV特高压换流站发生的换流变压器有载分接开关故障,通过设备检查和试验分析,得出此次事故发生的主要原因是有载分接开关的机械操作机构故障,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

催化臭氧氧化染料溶液的研究

采用催化臭氧化技术降解染料废水,以甲基紫溶液为目标污染物,研究了过渡型金属离子的类型,Fe2+的浓度,溶液初始pH值,染料浓度和正丁醇等因素对其降解率的影响。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化甲基紫溶液的过程中,加入一定浓度的过渡型金属离子对甲基紫的去除具有促进作用;当臭氧浓度为16 mg/L,一定浓度范围内,Fe2+催化臭氧化的效果随着浓度的增加而增加,但Fe2+浓度为13 mg/L时,甲基紫的降解率下降;在酸性范围时,pH值增大其降解率会减小;染料浓度增加,甲基紫的降解率减小,但是其绝对降解值会增加;正丁醇的加入抑制氧化反应的进行,甲基紫的降解率下降,说明催化臭氧化过程中有羟基自由基产生。染料降解过程符合一级反应动力学规律。     

石油污染土壤生物修复菌Z1a-B的分离鉴定与调控效应研究

从山东东营胜利油田附近的石油污染土壤中分离筛选得到一株高效石油降解菌Z1a-B,通过菌落形态及显微镜个体形态观察对其初步鉴定到属,并采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法分析了Z1a-B的石油降解性能,采用投加石油降解菌、调节土壤N、P含量和优化环境因素等措施,进行了为期60d的石油污染土壤室外自然堆制生物修复实验。结果表明,Z1a-B为链霉菌属白孢类群,其摇瓶培养的石油降解率为66.4%;Z1a-B有着很宽的烷烃降解谱;N、P最佳的添加量组合为KNO32.50g/kg、K2HPO40.35g/kg,即N/P(质量比)为5.57:1.00,此时的石油降解率达63.5%,土壤脱氢酶活性达最高值,为2.99μL/g;石油降解的最佳环境条件为:将石油质量分数为3.3%的100g土样调节pH至8.5后,装入容积为300mL的锥形瓶中灭菌,再接种孢子密度为2.7×108个/mL的菌剂5.5mL,于28℃下进行生物降解,在此条件下的石油降解率可达76.5%;土壤脱氢酶活性的测定结果可以作为检验石油污染土壤生物修复效果的重要指示指标之一;室外自然堆制生物修复实验中,添加菌剂、锯末、秸秆以及N、P后,石油降解率可达69.9%,总体来说,室外自然堆制生物修复是一种投资少、见效快、治理效果较好的石油污染土壤治理方法。     

Brominated flame retardants in the hair and serum samples from an e-waste recycling area in southeastern China: the possibility of using hair for biomonitoring

Hair samples and paired serum samples were collected from e-waste and urban areas in Wenling of Zhejiang Province, China. The PBDE and DBDPE concentrations in hair and serum samples from e-waste workers were significantly higher than those of non-occupational residents and urban residents. BDE209 was the dominating BFRs in hair and serum samples from the e-waste area, while DBDPE was the major BFRs from the urban area. Statistically significant correlations were observed between hair level and serum level for some substances (BDE209, DBDPE, BDE99, BDE47, BDE28, and BDE17), although the PBDE congener profiles in hair were different from those in the serum. A statistically significant positive correlation between the PBDE concentrations and the working age, as well as gender difference, was observed in e-waste workers. Different sources of PBDEs and DBDPE in three groups were identified by principal component analysis and spearman correlation coefficient. Hair is suggested to be a useful matrix for biomonitoring the PBDE exposure in humans.     

Degradation of 2,4-D in soils by Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles combined with stimulating indigenous microbes

Purpose  

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in soils by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles combined with soil indigenous microbes was investigated, and the effects of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities were also studied.     

Splenocyte apoptotic pathway in mice following oral exposure to cerium trichloride

With their widespread application in agriculture, industry, culture, medicine, and daily life, lanthanide compounds are being brought into the ecological environment and human body through food chains. It is important to know the acute and chronic effects of lanthanides on the environment, nature balance, and the human body after their entry into bodies and the environment. Lanthanides have been demonstrated to cause spleen apoptosis and decreased immunity of mice, but very little is known about the molecular aspects of these mechanism. In order to understand the spleen apoptotic mechanism induced by intragastric administration of 2, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) body weight CeCl(3) for consecutive 60 d, we investigated the cerium accumulation, apoptosis, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related cytokines into apoptosis-related genes and proteins. The results demonstrated that cerium had obvious accumulation in the mouse spleen, leading to the significant increase of the spleen indices and splenocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, CeCl(3) could effectively activate caspase-3 and -9, decrease the Bcl-2 the levels of gene and protein, and increase the levels of Bax, and cytochrome c genes and their protein expressions, and promote reactive oxygen species production. It implied CeCl(3)-induced apoptosis in the mouse spleen via intrinsic pathway. Our findings suggest the need for great caution to handle the lanthanides for workers and consumers.