Investigation of the impacts of tunnel excavation on karst groundwater and dependent geo-environment using hydrological observation and numerical simulation: a case from karst anticline mountains of southeastern Sichuan Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tunnel excavation has significant disturbance on groundwater system and related geo-environment, especially in karst regions like southwestern China....     

三峡库区干湿交替消落区土壤磷形态

结合三峡水库“蓄清排浊”、反季节调度模式,通过对消落区首次自然干湿交替土壤中磷的赋存形式、含量变化的分析,揭示了新生消落区土壤中磷的分布特征和释放规律。结果表明：水库夏季低水位运行时上覆水总磷含量远高于冬季枯水期高水位时上覆水总磷含量,且由于汛期径流量大,上下游上覆水总磷含量波动明显。自然干湿交替状态下土壤中不同形态磷分布规律一致,活性磷、有机磷含量变化程度剧烈,成为新生消落区上覆水内源磷负荷的主要来源,且库区首次蓄水至175 m后新生消落区土壤有机磷是土壤内源磷贡献的主要承担者。覆水初期干湿交替土壤各形态磷含量没有显著差异。覆水后消落区土壤总磷释放程度与本底土壤的总磷、有机磷、活性磷呈现出显著线性相关关系。新生消落区土壤作为潜在磷源,在成库初期对库区水质影响不大。
     

Effect of charcoal amendment on adsorption, leaching and degradation of isoproturon in soils

The effects of charcoal amendment on adsorption, leaching and degradation of the herbicide isoproturon in soils were studied under laboratory conditions. The adsorption data all fitted well with the Freundlich empirical equation. It was found that the adsorption of isoproturon in soils increased with the rate of charcoal amended (correlation coefficient r=0.957**, P<0.01). The amount of isoproturon in leachate decreased with the increase of the amount of charcoal addition to soil column, while the retention of isoproturon in soils increased with an increase in the charcoal content of soil samples. Biodegradation was still the most significant mechanism for isoproturon dissipation from soil. Charcoal amendment greatly reduced the biodegradation of isoproturon in soils. The half-lives of isoproturon degradation (DT(50)) in soils greatly extended when the rate of added charcoal increased from 0 to 50 g kg(-1) (for Paddy soil, DT(50) values increased from 54.6 to 71.4 days; for Alfisol, DT(50) from 16.0 to 136 days; and for Vertisol, DT(50) from 15.2 to 107 days). The degradation rate of isoproturon in soils was significantly negatively correlated with the amount of added charcoal. This research suggests that charcoal amendment may be an effective management practice for reducing pesticide leaching and enhancing its persistence in soils.     

重庆市2006年特大旱灾分析与灾后恢复性研究

风险性、脆弱性、恢复性和适应性是自然灾害4个最重要的特性,也是灾害研究的主要方向。灾后恢复作为减灾管理的关键环节具有重要的研究意义。基于自然灾害系统理论,归纳整理了重庆旱灾报刊数据库,构建并分析了重庆旱灾系统,探讨了其灾后恢复性模式。结果表明：（1）重庆2006年特大旱灾百年一遇,伏旱是导致灾情累加形成巨灾的直接原因;（2）旱灾后的连续降雨是提高灾后恢复力的重要因素;（3）灾民的外出打工实现了旱灾的风险转移和经济补偿,减小了损失。这些研究结果为水田农业区的伏旱型旱灾系统研究和恢复性措施提供了新的思路和实证。     

High reduction of ozone and particulate matter during the 2016 G-20 summit in Hangzhou by forced emission controls of industry and traffic

Many regions in China experience air pollution episodes because of the rapid urbanization and industrialization over the past decades. Here we analyzed the effect of emission controls implemented during the G-20 2016 Hangzhou summit on air quality. Emission controls included a forced closure of highly polluting industries, and limiting traffic and construction emissions in the cities and surroundings. Particles with aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) were measured. We also simulated air quality using a forecast system consisting of the two-way coupled Weather Research and Forecast and Community Multi-scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model. Results show PM_2.5 and ozone levels in Hangzhou during the G-20 Summit were considerably lower than previous to the G-20 Summit. The predicted concentrations of ozone were reduced by 25.4%, whereas the predicted concentrations of PM_2.5 were reduced by 56%.     

西南某矿区家庭灰尘中重金属的暴露及其健康风险评价

家庭灰尘是人群居住场所的重要环境介质,人群可通过吸入、摄食及皮肤接触等途径摄入灰尘中的污染物,对健康造成一定的损伤。为探索我国西南某矿区周边村庄室内重金属的污染对人群健康的潜在风险,采用2014年3月对我国西南某矿区周边村庄室内灰尘中重金属污染水平调查的数据,结合美国EPA健康风险评价模型对人群健康风险进行分析。结果表明:人群非致癌风险和致癌风险暴露剂量均表现为儿童>成人男性>成人女性,呈现手-口摄食途径>皮肤接触途径>吸入途径,其中儿童、成人男性和成人女性手-口摄食暴露途径占总暴露剂量的98.16%、55.61%和51.5%;儿童以Pb、Cr的暴露为主,成人以Cr的暴露为主;家庭灰尘中单种重金属元素和多途径叠加的非致癌风险在8.81E-03~1.24E-02之间,均小于1,其中儿童以Pb的非致癌风险为主,经手-口摄食暴露占总风险的40%;致癌风险在4.19E-05~3.35E-04之间;A、B、C村儿童的致癌风险均高于US EPA所推荐的可接受水平10-4,其暴露剂量和健康风险均为成人男性和成人女性的5~6倍,且以Cr通过手-口摄食暴露产生的风险最大,占总风险的93%左右。     

Numerical and experimental research on multi-stage pump as turbine system

Recently, researches on pump as turbine (PAT) have been one of the hot issues in fluid machineries. Of these hydraulic turbines, multi-stage PATs are widely used in industrial fields. However, most attentions have been paid on performance of the single-stage PATs and the turbines themselves. In this paper, a potential multi-stage PAT system with load pump was investigated numerically and experimentally. The match relations between PAT and load pump were explored by theory, and an analytical method to predict performance of PAT system was proposed in addition. Computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) was adopted to study the performance characteristics of PAT under a constant rotation or certain head. The operational rules of multi-stage PAT system were analyzed in both constant and variable speed that confirmed the prediction of system performance. The results could give guidance to choose a proper load pump and promote efficiency of PAT system.     

村庄整治规划的内涵与协调研究

村庄整治规划是推进新农村建设,解决农村问题,促进农村发展的重要途径。村庄整治规划内涵丰富,包含了村庄发展规划、村庄土地利用规划和村庄建设规划的内容与思想,是多个规划的综合体。通过村庄整治规划案例的总结,阐述了村庄整治规划的涵义、目标与原则,并从整合多个规划的角度重点分析了村庄发展规划、村庄土地利用规划、村庄建设规划之间的关系,找到彼此之间的结合点,为村庄整治规划的编制提供参考。     

SynGas Production from Organic Waste Using Non-Thermal-Pulsed Discharge

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a technology that can convert biogas to synthesis gas (SynGas), a low-emission substituted energy, using a non-thermal-pulsed plasma method. To investigate the characteristics of Syn-Gas production from simulated biogas, the reforming characteristics in relation to variations in pulse frequency, biogas component ratio (C₃H₈/CO₂), vapor flow ratio (H₂O/total flow rate [TFR]), biogas velocity, and pulse power were studied. A maximum conversion rate of 49.1% was achieved for the biogas when the above parameters were 500 Hz, 1.5, 0.52, 0.32 m/sec, and 657 W, respectively. Under the above conditions, the dry basis mole fractions of the SynGas were as follows: H₂ = 0.645,CH₄ = 0.081, C₂H₂ = 0.067, C₃H₆ = 0.049, CO = 0.008 and C₂H₄ = 0.004. The ratio of hydrogen to the other intermediates in the SynGas (H₂/ITMs) was 3.1.