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221.
A field method using microcosms to evaluate transfer of Cd,Cu, Ni,Pb and Zn from sewage sludge amended forest soils to Helix aspersa snails 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Scheifler R Ben Brahim M Gomot-de Vaufleury A Carnus JM Badot PM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,122(3):343-350
Juvenile Helix aspersa snails exposed in field microcosms were used to assess the transfer of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from forest soils amended with liquid and composted sewage sludge. Zn concentrations and contents were significantly higher in snails exposed to liquid and composted sludge after 5 and 7 weeks of exposure, when compared with control. Trends were less clear for the other metals. Present results show that Zn, among the cocktail of metallic trace elements (MTE) coming from sewage sludge disposal, represents the principal concern for food chain transfer and secondary poisoning risks. The microcosm design used in this experiment was well suited for relatively long-term (about 2 months) active biomonitoring with H. aspersa snails. The snails quickly indicated the variations of MTE concentrations in their immediate environment. Therefore, the present study provides a simple but efficient field tool to evaluate MTE bioavailability and transfer. 相似文献
222.
Although the assessment of circulatory levels of retinoids has become a widely used biomarker of exposure to environmental pollutants, the adverse effects caused by imbalance of the retinoid metabolism and signaling in wildlife are not known in detail. Retinoids play an important role in controlling such vital processes as morphogenesis, development, reproduction or apoptosis. Unlike other signaling molecules, retinoids are not strictly endogenous but they are derived from dietary sources of vitamin A or its precursors and thus they are sometimes referred to as 'dietary' hormones. Some environmental pollutants that affect embryogenesis, immunity or epithelial functions were also shown to interfere with retinoid metabolism and signaling in animals. This suggests that at least some of their toxic effects may be related to interaction with the retinoid metabolism, transport or signal transduction. This review summarizes in vivo and in vitro studies on interaction of environmental complex samples, pesticides, polychlorinated dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic compounds and other organic pollutants with physiology of retinoids. It sums up contemporary knowledge about levels of interaction and mechanisms of action of the environmental contaminants. 相似文献
223.
224.
为了提高生物炭-壳聚糖复合微球对NOR(诺氟沙星)的吸附能力,以复合微球对NOR的吸附量为指标,考察了生物炭与壳聚糖质量比、壳聚糖脱乙酰度、戊二醛用量、交联时间、交联速率及生物炭热解温度对复合微球吸附NOR的影响,并由均匀试验确定复合微球的最佳制备条件.结果表明,生物炭与壳聚糖质量比、壳聚糖脱乙酰度、戊二醛用量、交联时间、交联速率及生物炭热解温度对复合微球吸附NOR具有明显影响.制备复合微球的关键影响因素是生物炭热解温度、戊二醛用量和交联速率.吸附NOR的复合微球最佳制备条件:生物炭热解温度为300℃、生物炭与壳聚糖质量比为5:1、壳聚糖脱乙酰度为77%、戊二醛用量为80 mL、交联速率为150 r/min、交联时间为3 h.此时,复合微球对NOR的吸附量为9.51 mg/g,且具有较高的耐酸溶性和机械强度.研究显示,复合微球能够高效吸附NOR,并且吸附后容易分离,具有修复水体污染的潜力. 相似文献
225.
Ben Dipper 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1998,41(6):731-747
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a procedure for predicting environmental impacts of projects prior to their development, while post-auditing seeks to assess the accuracy of such predictions. A literature review examines the need for post-auditing, highlighting several benefits to EIA performance that could arise if the results were effectively used. This reveals that, in practice, post-auditing activities are not widespread, and suggests reasons why this is so. An overview of post-audit findings from a survey of published studies is then presented, and it is concluded that there is much scope for raising the profile of post-auditing in EIA world-wide. Preliminary results from a recent UK post-auditing study based on eight projects are described. Information on impact predictions was gathered and compared with actual impacts. A total of 366 impact predictions were made of which 78% were qualitative in nature; 57% of the predictions were auditable and of these nearly three-quarters were accurate. Reasons for inauditability were ascertained including, for all cases, a lack of data or unsuitable information. 相似文献
226.
This work deals with the biodiversity and distribution of benthic macrophytes in the Ghar El Melh lagoon, a Mediterranean
coastal lagoon located in the North of Tunisia. An inventory was made of the benthic flora and submerged macrophyte communities
were mapped during two successive campaigns (the summer of 1999 and the winter of 2000). The following 24 macrophyte species
were identified: seven red algae, two brown algae, 11 green algae, and four marine angiosperms. The results were compared
with available data from the literature.
Ruppia cirrhosa is the most dominant species. It is found in all lagoon parts, except in the west sector.Ruppia beds are usually associated withCladophora forming heterogeneous communities. During summerRuppia cirrhosa shows a large distribution, covering an area of ca. 21.4 km2, with dense, extensive beds covering 80–100%. In winter, severalCladophora species have a very large distribution as well, covering nearly an area of 28.5 km2 with an average cover of 46%. The green algaeCaulerpa prolifera is confined to the eastern part of the lagoon which is mainly affected by seawater.
In comparison with previous situations, many transformations were observed in biodiversity and spatial distribution of the
dominant communities. Thus,Cymodocea nodosa andZostera beds, which dominated in the 1970s, were replaced byZostera andCaulerpa prolifera in the 1980s and are currently succeeded byRuppia cirrhosa andCladophora.
Restoration of the Ghar El Melh lagoon will enable an increase in the exchange with the open sea and the circulation of water,
in particular in the confined zones. This should considerably improve the water quality and would positively influence the
phytobenthic communities. 相似文献
227.
Marta Zaffaroni Patrizia Zamberletti Irena F. Creed Francesco Accatino Carlo De Michele Ben DeVries 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(3):641-656
Wetlands should not be considered as independent objects but as dynamically connected objects, collectively known as wetlandscapes. We developed a framework that analyzes the influences of wetland suitability and connectivity on amphibian distributions. We defined two indices: a Wetland Suitability Index describing wetland quality and a Movement Permeability Index characterizing wetland connectivity for amphibian population dynamics. These indices were calculated from raster datasets and time‐varying inundation estimates. The indices were used to define a wetlandscape and an amphibian model was used to simulate population dynamics within the wetlandscape. The framework was applied to the Nose Creek watershed, a highly modified wetlandscape in Alberta, Canada. Two amphibian species were selected with different habitat preferences: the Northern Leopard Frog that prefers wet habitats and has high mobility over land, and the Great Plains Toad that prefers terrestrial habitats and has low mobility over land. We found each amphibian species had a “preferred” wetlandscape, reflecting their life cycle traits and migration strategies which in turn were dependent on the hydrological and ecological connections within the wetlandscape. This study highlights the importance of investigating both individual wetlands and the wetlandscape and considering both wetland habitat quality and connectivity as non‐substitutable properties that act jointly, but differently, on population dynamics. 相似文献
228.
Mediterranean wetlands are of key interest in the preservation of biodiversity. However, their ecological water requirement is in constant competition with human uses, particularly in a context of aridity and climate change. This paper examines the case of the Ichkeul Lake‐Lagoon system located in the north of Tunisia in a river basin that is heavily contributing to the water supply of southern regions through water transfers. It maps out the various actors involved, their stakes, discourses and strategies, and explains the current degradation of the Ichkeul system by unpacking the decision‐making power of these actors. It confirms that marginal social groups, ecosystems and next generations are the main parties affected by current water allocation patterns. 相似文献
229.
Hajar Yousefian Kaouther Ben Azouz Denis Rodrigue 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(1):48-55
In the first part of this work, composites based on polypropylene (PP) and maple wood flour (MF) were prepared by melt compounding using twin-screw extrusion followed by compression molding. The morphological and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed for three samples: PP, MF/PP and MF/PP containing maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent. The results showed that MF/PP composites have improved mechanical properties, especially tensile modulus (+33 %), with only 8 % increase in density. The addition of MAPP further improved the mechanical properties, in particular tensile modulus (up to 51 %), which could be related to better fiber/matrix adhesion. In the second step, nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) was added to all samples to produce NCC-MF/PP hybrid composites. From the mechanical analysis performed, the hybrid composites with MAPP have improved properties, especially tensile (+53 %) and flexural (+40 %) moduli. These results confirmed that multi-scale hybrid NCC-MF composites can substantially improve the mechanical properties of polyolefins with limited increase in density (14 %) leading to high specific properties. 相似文献
230.