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321.
Giulia Longo Fernando Fresno Silvia Gross Urška Lavrenčič Štangar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11189-11197
BiVO4/TiO2 composites with different weight ratios have been prepared by coprecipitation-based reactions followed by either thermal or hydrothermal treatment with the aim of evaluating the TiO2 photosensitization by BiVO4. The obtained materials present in all cases the desired monoclinic phase of BiVO4 and anatase phase of TiO2. Visible light absorption increased with increasing amount of bismuth vanadate. XPS results reveal the surface enrichment of Ti with respect to the bulk composition in samples characterised by a higher content of BiVO4. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials was tested for the degradation of isopropanol in the gas phase under indoor illumination conditions. Although none of the composites was able to improve the activity of TiO2, the low BiVO4 containing samples appear as more suitable for further synthesis tuning. 相似文献
322.
Davide Papurello Andrea Lanzini Pierluigi Leone Massimo Santarelli Silvia Silvestri 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):2047-2056
The present work investigates electricity production using a high efficiency electrochemical generator that employs as fuel a biogas from the dry anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW).The as-produced biogas contains several contaminants (sulfur, halogen, organic silicon and aromatic compounds) that can be harmful for the fuel cell: these were monitored via an innovative mass spectrometry technique that enables for in-line and real-time quantification.A cleaning trap with activated carbons for the removal of sulfur and other VOCs contained in the biogas was also tested and monitored by observing the different breakthrough times of studied contaminants.The electrochemical generator was a commercial Ni anode-supported planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), tested for more than 300 h with a simulated biogas mixture (CH4 60 vol.%, CO2 40 vol.%), directly fed to the anode electrode. Air was added to promote the direct internal conversion of CH4 to H2 and CO via partial oxidation (POx).The initial breakthrough of H2S from the cleaning section was also simulated and tested by adding ~1 ppm(v) of sulfur in the anode feed; a full recovery of the fuel cell performance after 24 h of sulfur exposure (~1 ppm(v)) was observed upon its removal, indicating the reliable time of anode exposure to sulfur in case of exhausted guard bed. 相似文献
323.
Leticia Burone Silvia Helena de Mello e Sousa Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques Paulo Valente Aurea Ciotti Cíntia Yamashita 《Marine Biology》2011,158(1):159-179
Foraminiferal data were obtained from 66 samples of box cores on the southeastern Brazilian upper margin (between 23.8°–25.9°S
and 42.8°–46.13°W) to evaluate the benthic foraminiferal fauna distribution and its relation to some selected abiotic parameters.
We focused on areas with different primary production regimes on the southern Brazilian margin, which is generally considered
as an oligotrophic region. The total density (D), richness (R), mean diversity ([`(H¢ )] \overline{{H^{\prime } }} ), average living depth (ALD
X
) and percentages of specimens of different microhabitats (epifauna, shallow infauna, intermediate infauna and deep infauna)
were analyzed. The dominant species identified were Uvigerina spp., Globocassidulina subglobosa, Bulimina marginata, Adercotryma wrighti, Islandiella norcrossi, Rhizammina spp. and Brizalina sp.. We also established a set of mathematical functions for analyzing the vertical foraminiferal distribution patterns, providing
a quantitative tool that allows correlating the microfaunal density distributions with abiotic factors. In general, the cores
that fit with pure exponential decaying functions were related to the oligotrophic conditions prevalent on the Brazilian margin
and to the flow of the Brazilian Current (BC). Different foraminiferal responses were identified in cores located in higher
productivity zones, such as the northern and the southern region of the study area, where high percentages of infauna were
encountered in these cores, and the functions used to fit these profiles differ appreciably from a pure exponential function,
as a response of the significant living fauna in deeper layers of the sediment. One of the main factors supporting the different
foraminiferal assemblage responses may be related to the differences in primary productivity of the water column and, consequently,
in the estimated carbon flux to the sea floor. Nevertheless, also bottom water velocities, substrate type and water depth
need to be considered. 相似文献
324.
Development of a PCR protocol for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in surface water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silvia Bonetta Elena Borelli Sara Bonetta Osvaldo Conio Franca Palumbo Elisabetta Carraro 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):493-503
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella are pathogenic microorganisms that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in humans. These pathogens may be transmitted in a variety of ways, including food and water. The presence of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in surface waters constitutes a potential threat to human health when used for either drinking or recreation. As with most waterborne pathogens, Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 are difficult to detect and enumerate with accuracy in surface waters due to methodological limitations. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for the detection of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli virulence genes (stx 1, stx 2 and eae) in water using a single enrichment step and PCR. In spiked water samples, PCR results showed high sensitivity (<3 CFU/L) for both microorganisms. The protocol developed in this study has been applied in different surface waters in association with microbiological and physical analysis. The frequency of PCR positive samples was 33% for Salmonella and 2% for E. coli O157:H7 producing intimin (eae) and Shiga-like toxin I (stx 1). Moreover, the finding of amplicons corresponding to eae and stx 1 genes in the absence of E. coli O157:H7 suggested the possible presence of other pathogenic bacteria that carry these genes (e.g. EHEC, Shigella strains). The results obtained showed that the developed protocol could be applied as a routine analysis of surface water for the evaluation of microbiological risks. 相似文献
325.
Noelia Domínguez-Morueco Luis Moreno-Merino Daniel Molins-Delgado M. Silvia Díaz-Cruz
scar Aznar-Alemany Ethel Eljarrat Marinella Farr Jernimo Lpez-Martínez Miren Lpez de Alda Adrin Silva Juan Jos Durn Valsero Yolanda Valcrcel 《Ambio》2021,50(3):544
This study aimed to evaluate the presence of ultraviolet filters (UV-Fs), benzotriazoles, pyrethroids and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in freshwater and wastewater from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. All water samples analyzed contained UV-Fs residues and high concentrations were detected in anthropogenic impacted sites (< LOD up to 1300 ng/L). Likewise, benzotriazoles were detected in all water samples (< LOQ–920 ng/L). Regarding suspended particulate matter, almost all UV-Fs and all benzotriazoles were measured at concentrations ranging from < LOQ to 33 µg/g dry weight. Pyrethroids were also detected (< LOQ–250 ng/L) and their presence implies the existence of a gateway to the Antarctica Peninsula from other regions. The data confirmed the presence of PFASs (< LOD–7500 ng/L) in this area, in agreement with previous studies. In light of these results, extended monitoring in Antarctica should be carried out to perform a reliable environmental risk assessment leading to propose recommendations to minimize the anthropic impact.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01404-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
326.
Zacarías Silvia Mercedes Manassero Agustina Pirola Silvana Alfano Orlando Mario Satuf María Lucila 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23859-23867
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since COVID-19 pandemic, indoor air quality control has become a priority, and the development of air purification devices effective for disinfecting... 相似文献
327.
Mar??a Ornela Beltrame Silvia Graciela De Marco Jorge Eduardo Marcovecchio 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,172(1-4):379-389
This paper presents the concentrations of total copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc in hepatopancreas of the burrowing crab Neohelice granulata from the Samboromb??n Bay (La Plata River estuary) and the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina. The highest accumulation of lead was observed in Mar Chiquita samples, whereas copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations were higher in those from Samboromb??n Bay. Marked temporal and geographic availability differences were observed, while sexual differences only were observed for zinc. Finally, the validity of using this species as bioindicator of heavy-metal pollution within the assessed estuarine ecosystems is discussed. 相似文献
328.
Luiza Tayar Facchin Elucir Gir Antonio Pazin-Filho Miyeko Hayashida Silvia Rita Marin da Silva Canini 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):623-629
Background. Pathogens can be transmitted to health professionals after contact with biological material. The exact number of infections deriving from these events is still unknown, due to the lack of systematic surveillance data and under-reporting. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 451 nursing professionals from a Brazilian tertiary emergency hospital between April and July 2009. Through an active search, cases of under-reporting of occupational accidents with biological material by the nursing team were identified by means of individual interviews. The Institutional Review Board approved the research project. Results. Over half of the professionals (237) had been victims of one or more accidents (425 in total) involving biological material, and 23.76% of the accidents had not been officially reported using an occupational accident report. Among the under-reported accidents, 53.47% were percutaneous and 67.33% were bloodborne. The main reason for nonreporting was that the accident had been considered low risk. Conclusions. The under-reporting rate (23.76%) was low in comparison with other studies, but most cases of exposure were high risk. 相似文献
329.
Silvia Nava Paolo Prati Franco Lucarelli Pier Andrea Mandò Alessandro Zucchiatti 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):247-260
We describe the results of an aerosol sampling campaign performedin 1999 in the medium-size industrial town of La Spezia, in theNorthwest of Italy. We used two-stage continuous streakersamplers in three different sites and periods of the year. This kind of samplers allows the separation of the PM10 andPM2.2 fractions of the particulate matter. Moreover, the hourly resolution in the aerosol collection is particularly useful inan urban environment where, typically, many pollution sourceswith fast variations are present. Up to 1700 samples have beenanalysed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) at the INFNaccelerator facility in Florence, obtaining hourly concentrationfor about 20 elements from Na to Pb, with a sensitivity rangingfrom below 1 to about 10 ng m-3. The total hourly aerosolmass has been estimated with an optical analysis of the samesamples performed (before the PIXE analysis) by an equipment designed and mounted in Genoa. An extensive statistical analysisof the data included standard and Absolute Principal ComponentFactor Analysis (PCFA and APCFA) to deduce the compositionand the weight of the major aerosol sources in both fractions.Thorough different statistical approaches, we generally resolvedcontributions from vehicle emission, fossil fuel combustion,soil-road dust and sea salt aerosol. 相似文献
330.
Ruiz-Blanco Silvia Romero Silvia Fernandez-Feijoo Belen 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(3):4024-4045
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The purpose of this paper is to study what are the characteristics that make firms less or more prone to greenwashing. We collect data from... 相似文献