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791.
Establishing A Earth Observation Product Service For The Terrestrial Carbon Community: The Globcarbon Initiative 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Stephen Plummer Olivier Arino Muriel Simon Will Steffen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):97-111
'Greenhouse gases', especially carbon dioxide, are intimately connected to climate change. To understand the future evolution
of the climate system and find ways to manage the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the processes and feedbacks
that drive the carbon cycle must first be understood. However, our current knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns is uncertain,
particularly over land and in regions of potentially high sensitivity to change like the boreal zone. The European Space Agency
(ESA) GLOBCARBON project aims to generate fully calibrated estimates of at-land products quasi-independent of the original
Earth Observation source for use primarily in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, but also as a contribution to the Global Carbon
Project, a cooperation between the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme, International Human Dimensions Programme and
the World Climate Research Programme to aid understanding of global carbon cycling. The service will feature estimation of
global burned area, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), leaf area index (LAI) and Vegetation Growth Cycle. The demonstrator will focus on ten complete years, from 1998 to 2007
when overlap exists between ESA Earth Observation sensors and others that are synergistic. However, the system will be flexible
so that it is not dependent on any single satellite sensor and therefore can be retrospectively applied to existing archives
and used with future satellite sensors. 相似文献
792.
Caley Peter Reid Julian R. W. Colloff Matthew J. Barry Simon C. 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(1):3-31
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Monitoring waterbird populations in Australia is challenging for reasons of counting logistics, and because population aggregation and dispersion can shift... 相似文献
793.
Compassionate conservation holds that compassion should transform conservation. It has prompted heated debate and has been criticized strongly. We reviewed the debate to characterize compassionate conservation and to philosophically analyze critiques that are recurring and that warrant further critical attention. The necessary elements of compassionate conservation relate to the moral value of sentient animals and conservation and to science and conservation practice. Although compassionate conservation has several nontraditional necessary conditions, it also importantly allows a degree of pluralism in values and scientific judgment regarding animals and conservation practice. We identified 52 specific criticisms from 11 articles that directly critique compassionate conservation. We closely examined 33 of these because they recurred regularly or included substantial questions that required further response. Critics criticized compassionate conservation's ethical foundations, scientific credentials, clarity of application, understanding of compassion, its alleged threat to conservation and biodiversity. Some criticisms, we found, are question begging, confused, or overlook conceptual complexity. These criticisms raise questions for critics and proponents, regarding, for example, equal versus differential intrinsic moral value of different sentient animals (including humans), problems of natural and human-caused suffering of wild animals and predation, and the acceptability of specific conservation practices within compassionate conservation. By addressing recurring and faulty critiques of compassionate conservation and identifying issues for compassionate conservation to address, this review provides a clearer basis for crucial ongoing interdisciplinary dialogue about ethics, values, and conservation. 相似文献