水流模拟断面中硝基苯的迁移转化规律

采用实验室模拟装置研究了4,10和20 ℃条件下,封闭、开放状态和不同环境因素影响下硝基苯污染水团流经模拟断面前后, 硝基苯在上覆水与沉积物中的迁移转化规律. 结果表明:封闭、开放状态模拟断面上覆水和沉积物中硝基苯迁移分配受温度变化影响显著;开放状态下,上覆水、沉积物中硝基苯变化量均低于封闭状态. 挥发不但影响硝基苯在沉积物-上覆水间的迁移分配,而且能促进沉积物中硝基苯的解吸;光照对模拟断面硝基苯迁移转化无影响. 对于相同的沉积物和上覆水,影响模拟断面系统中硝基苯迁移、分配的因素依次为温度、挥发和光照. 分析实验结果和材料推测,硝基苯在该实验条件下不存在降解转化.      

TCLP法评价酸性矿山废水污染稻田土壤重金属的生态风险

采用美国最新的法定重金属污染评价方法TCLP(Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure,TCLP)法对粤北大宝山矿山下游受酸性矿山废水长期污染的稻田土壤的重金属(Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu)污染状况进行评价,以国际规定的TCLP法标准评价重金属生态环境风险.结果表明,TCLP试剂提取的土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量分别在0.02～0.58、1.42～38.07、0.16-31.01和1.84～75.29 mg·kg-1之间.酸性矿山废水污染稻田土壤不同程度地受到Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的污染,其中以Pb、Zn污染最为严重,其次为Cu污染,Cd污染程度最轻.     

Biosorption of Direct Black 38 by dried anaerobic granular sludge

The biosorption of Direct Black 38 by dried anaerobic granular sludge in a batch system under specific temperatures and initial pH was investigated. The adsorption reaction is pH dependent with higher removal at low pH. The adsorption equilibrium data fit very well with both Langmuir and Freundlich models in the concentration range of Direct Black 38 at all chosen temperatures. The adsorption parameters show that the adsorption of Direct Black 38 is an endothermic and more effective process at high temperatures. The kinetics of adsorption was found to be second order and adsorption rate constants increased with increasing temperature. Activation energy was determined as 26.8 kJ/mol for the process. This suggests that the adsorption of Direct Black 38 by dried anaerobic granular sludge is chemically controlled.     

Eutrophication status and control strategy of Taihu Lake

The water quality and eutrophication status of Taihu Lake in recent years are presented and the pollution trends are analyzed. It is shown that because of unreasonable industrial structures, pollution discharge per GDP is high within the Taihu basin, and the pollution discharge from point and non-point sources exceed the basin’s environmental carrying capacity. Especially, excessive pollutants containing nitrogen and phosphorus are being discharged. Moreover, eutrophication may also result from internal pollution sources such as the release of nutrient elements from sediment. All these factors have resulted in the water quality deterioration of Taihu Lake. To solve this environmental problem, possible control strategies are summarized, including the control of internal pollution sources and inflow-river pollution, ecological restoration and reconstruction of the degraded lakeside zone ecosystem, clean water diversion, dredging, and manual algae removal.     

无机氮磷对双胞旋沟藻(Cochlodinium geminatum)生长的影响

结合2009年双胞旋沟藻赤潮现场调查无机营养盐和双胞旋沟藻细胞密度数据,在实验室条件下用批次培养的方法研究了不同浓度的无机氮、磷源对双胞旋沟藻生长的影响。固定氮源(NaNO3)浓度为160μmol/L,以NaH2PO4为磷源,氮磷比为12时,比生长速率最大为0.42 d-1;氮磷比为4～32时,细胞密度均能达到4×103～6×103cells/L;氮磷比为64和100时,对数期较短且最大细胞密度较低。固定磷源(NaH2PO4)浓度为5μmol/L,研究了3种无机氮源(NaNO3,NaNO2,NH4Cl)对双胞沟藻生长的影响。以NaNO3为氮源,氮磷比为4和8时对数期较短且最大细胞密度也较低,氮磷比为16时获得最大比生长速率(0.40 d-1)和最大细胞密度(6×103cells/L),氮磷比达到100时也未对细胞生长产生明显抑制;以NaNO2为氮源,氮磷比为64时比生长速率最大,氮磷比为20时获得最大细胞密度,氮磷比大于32时初期生长受到一定抑制;以NH4Cl为氮源,延迟期较长,氮磷比为12时比生长速率最大,氮磷比大于32时初期生长也受到抑制,氮磷比为64和100时细胞基本没有生长。综合以上结果可以发现,以NaH2PO4为磷源、NaNO3为氮源时双胞旋沟藻的生长情况取决于氮磷的浓度而不是比例。而以NaNO2和NH4Cl为氮源时,氮源浓度超过一定值后会对双胞旋沟藻生长产生抑制。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法直接定性分析水样中有机污染物

用蒸馏水作为样品红外光谱的背景图谱,在水样图谱中扣除背景图谱即得到其中主要污染物的红外谱图,通过解谱,可对水样中的成分作出快速定性,在环境应急监测中得到应用。     

炼化企业反渗透浓水处理技术现状及发展趋势分析

对国内炼化企业RO浓水处理技术现状进行分析,认为液体零排放技术(ZLD)是解决RO浓水外排的最彻底手段,但高昂的设备投资与运行成本使其应用受限。臭氧多相催化氧化技术仍将是未来RO浓水处理的核心手段,发展趋势是提高臭氧/催化剂协同降解COD的效能,并控制处理成本。     

大气污染事故中便携气相色谱测定苯胺的方法研究

快速气体分析仪在环境突发事故中起着重要作用,本研究利用ZNOSE快速气体分析仪,对苯胺气体标准样品以及模拟实际大气样品的气体进行分析,探讨了污染事故中苯胺快速测定方法,并对快速气体分析仪在苯胺污染事故中的适用性进行评定。测定结果表明该方法对苯胺气体样品具有高的灵敏度和快速响应,并对检出物具有非选择性和可变检出限。采在事先做好样品标准谱图的情况下,用ZNOSE快速气体分析仪可以在短时间内确定大气环境中的苯胺及其浓度,能满足环境污染实时监测的需求,尤其是处理环境污染事故。