● Appreciable H2O2 production rate was achieved in MRCs utilizing NH4HCO3 solutions. ● Carbon black outperformed activated carbon as the catalyst for H2O2 production. ● The optimum carbon black loading for H2O2 production on air-cathode was 10 mg/cm2. ● The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three. ● A maximum power density of 980 mW/m2 was produced by MRCs with 5 cell pairs. H2O2 was produced at an appreciable rate in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells (MRCs) coupled with thermolytic solutions, which can simultaneously capture waste heat as electrical energy. To determine the optimal cathode and membrane stack configurations for H2O2 production, different catalysts, catalyst loadings and numbers of membrane cell pairs were tested. Carbon black (CB) outperformed activated carbon (AC) for H2O2 production, although AC showed higher catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. The optimum CB loading was 10 mg/cm2 in terms of both the H2O2 production rate and power production. The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three based on a tradeoff between H2O2 production and capital costs. A H2O2 production rate as high as 0.99 ± 0.10 mmol/(L·h) was achieved with 10 mg/cm2 CB loading and 3 cell pairs, where the H2O2 recovery efficiency was 52 ± 2% and the maximum power density was 780 ± 37 mW/m2. Increasing the number of cell pairs to five resulted in an increase in maximum power density (980 ± 21 mW/m2) but showed limited effects on H2O2 production. These results indicated that MRCs can be an efficient method for sustainable H2O2 production. 相似文献
The quantification and effects of system pH value on the interactions between Pb(II) and the biopolymer in activated sludge were investigated. The biopolymer had two protein-like fluorescence peaks (Ex/Em = 280 nm/326–338 nm for peak A; Ex/Em = 220–230 nm/324–338 nm for peak B). The fluorescence intensities of peak B were higher than those of peak A. The fluorophores of both peaks could be largely quenched by Pb(II), and the quencher dose for peak B was about half of that for peak A. The modified Stern-Volmer equation well depicted the fluorescence quenching titration. The quenching constant (Ka) values for both peaks decreased with rising system pH value, and then sharply decreased under alkaline conditions. It could be attributed to that the alkaline conditions caused the reduction of available Pb(II) due to the occurrence of Pb(OH)2 sediments. The Ka values of peak B were bigger than those for peak A at the same system pH values. Accordingly, the aromatic proteins (peak B) played a key role in the interactions between metal ions and the biopolymer.
