排序方式: 共有40条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Silvina A. Pinoni María Soledad Michiels Alejandra A. López Mañanes 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2647-2661
This study constitutes a first attempt to investigate intraspecific differences in osmoregulatory capacity and digestive and metabolic responses at the biochemical level in relation to hyper- and hypo-regulation in a single species of estuarine crab inhabiting contrasting habitats within a same intertidal area. We compared hemolymph osmolality, key digestive enzymes, glycemia and energy reserves in Neohelice granulata (Dana in Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia 5:247–254, 1851) from the mudflat and saltmarsh of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (37°32′/37°45′S-57°19′/57°26′W) under a wide range of salinities (6–60 psu). Individuals from both sites exhibited high and similar osmoregulatory capacity, but while in individuals from mudflat low and high salinities affected lipase activity in hepatopancreas and triglycerides in muscle, in crabs from saltmarsh, high salinities affected glycogen in anterior gills. Low salinity differentially affected free glucose in anterior gills. The results suggest the occurrence of intraspecific distinct digestive and metabolic adjustments in relation to osmoregulatory responses and habitat. 相似文献
32.
Herrero-Hernández E Andrades MS Rodríguez-Cruz MS Arienzo M Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3359-3371
The long-term variability of total Cu content from fungicides applied in a certified wine region of Spain (La Rioja) and of
other metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was evaluated in three young vineyard soils and subsoils unamended and amended with
spent mushroom substrates (SMS) over a 3-year period (2006–2008). SMS is a promising agricultural residue as an amendment
to increase the soil organic matter content but may modify the behaviour of metals from pesticide utilisation in vineyards.
Fresh and composted SMS was applied each year at a rate of 25 t ha−1 (dry-weight). Copper concentrations in the three unamended soils were 21.2–88.5, 25.5–77.1, and 29.4–78.4 mg kg−1. They exceeded natural Cu concentrations of the region and reference sub-lethal hazardous concentration for soil organism.
The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were largely below the sub-lethal limits. Thus, although Cu levels were lower than
those of established vineyards, vine performance, and productivity might be affected. The variation in behaviour between different
amendments for each soil was high, so a generic conclusion could not be drawn. The amendment practice seemed to have caused
temporarily Cu mobilization respect to untreated soils. Total zinc concentrations fall within the range of the natural soil
of La Rioja and were significantly affected (p < 0.05) especially by fresh state SMS addition, with increasing up to 75% respect to untreated specimen. The results indicated
a build-up of fresh sites for metal retention at both surface and subsurface level, although no accumulation of metals was
observed in the short-term period. However, the benefit for soils and the negative effects need to be monitored in the long
run. 相似文献
33.
J.C. Gaillard Kristinne Sanz Benigno C. Balgos Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay Andrew Gorman‐Murray Fagalua Smith Vaito'a Toelupe 《Disasters》2017,41(3):429-447
Consideration of gender in the disaster sphere has centred almost exclusively on the vulnerability and capacities of women. This trend stems from a polarised Western understanding of gender as a binary concept of man—woman. Such an approach also mirrors the dominant framing of disasters and disaster risk reduction (DRR), emphasising Western standards and practices to the detriment of local, non‐Western identities and experiences. This paper argues that the man—woman dichotomy is an insufficient construct with which to address the gendered dimensions of a disaster as it fails to capture the realities of diverse gender minorities in non‐Western contexts. The paper presents case studies from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Samoa, where gender minorities display specific patterns of vulnerability associated with their marginal positions in society, yet, importantly, also possess a wide array of endogenous capacities. Recognition of these differences, needs, skills, and unique resources is essential to moving towards inclusive and gender‐sensitive DRR. 相似文献
34.
Marín-Benito JM Rodríguez-Cruz MS Andrades MS Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(3):814-822
The capacity of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a sorbent of fungicides was evaluated for its possible use in regulating pesticide mobility in the environment. The sorption studies involved four different SMS types in terms of nature and treatment and eight fungicides selected as representative compounds from different chemical groups. Nonlinear sorption isotherms were observed for all SMS-fungicide combinations. The highest sorption was obtained by composted SMS from Agaricus bisporus cultivation. A significant negative and positive correlation was obtained between the K(OC) sorption constants and the polarity index values of sorbents and the K(OW) of fungicides, respectively. The statistic revealed that more than 77% of the variability in the K(OW) could be explained considering these properties jointly. The other properties of both the sorbent (total carbon, dissolved organic carbon, or pH) and the sorbate (water solubility) were nonsignificant. The hysteresis values for cyprodinil (log K(OW)= 4) were for all the sorbents much higher (>3) than for other fungicides. This was consistent with the remaining sorption after desorption considered as an indicator of the sorption efficiency of SMS for fungicides. Changes in the absorption bands of fungicides sorbed by SMS observed by FTIR permitted establishing the interaction mechanism of fungicides with SMS. The findings of this work provide evidence for the potential capacity of SMS as a sorbent of fungicides and the low desorption observed especially for some fungicides, although they suggest that more stabilized or humified organic substrates should be produced to enhance their efficiency in environmental applications. 相似文献
35.
Organochlorine pesticides accumulation and degradation products in vegetation samples of a contaminated area in Galicia (NW Spain) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Barriada-Pereira M González-Castro MJ Muniategui-Lorenzo S López-Mahía P Prada-Rodríguez D Fernández-Fernández E 《Chemosphere》2005,58(11):1571-1578
The content of 21 organochlorine pesticides were studied in vegetation samples of a highly contaminated area by isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) located close to a former industrial area in Galicia (NW Spain). Five species of plants were collected at different points of the contaminated area and the different parts of the plants were separated in order to study differences in accumulation capabilities. Samples were extracted employing microwave energy followed by a clean-up step using solid phase extraction and finally determined by GC–ECD. The results obtained show that the most abundant pesticides are HCHs isomers, being the main isomers β-HCH and -HCH in all samples whereas δ-HCH and γ-HCH were at lower levels. Some other pesticides such as p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDE were also present in much lower amount in some of the samples. Several degradation products of HCH were also identified in some samples by GC–MS. 相似文献
36.
Iris Cáceres-Saez M. Victoria Panebianco Soledad Perez-Catán Natalia A. Dellabianca M. Fernanda Negri Carolina N. Ayala 《Chemistry and Ecology》2016,32(7):638-652
We explored the potential of using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), a non-destructive technique, to assess elemental contents in dolphin bones. Specimens were deposited in museum collections, and prepared by different methodologies. Fifty eight Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus c. commersonii) chevron bones and 24 Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) were analysed. The EDX allowed us to detect the following elements: Ca, P, Na, Mg, Fe, K, Zn, S, Cl and Al; and quantify their proportion (weight percent of element). Principal components analysis differentiates two groups according to the cleaning procedures applied, supporting that cleaning methods could influence the chemical integrity of bone. No significant age-dependent increase was found for elements analysed in species, and no significant differences were found between sex and physical maturity stages. Alternative assessment was made through atomic absorption spectrophotometry, providing quantitative information on the principal elements in bones (Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn) and allowing comparisons with other studies. A standard protocol for bone cleaning and conditioning is needed to exclude any effect on the mineral integrity of calcified tissue. This would enable future comparative studies on the bone mineral matrix over time housed in natural history museums or other scientific collections. 相似文献
37.
Pablo E. Penchaszadeh Carlos Sánchez Antelo Soledad Zabala Gregorio Bigatti 《Marine Biology》2009,156(9):1929-1939
The edible volutid snail Adelomelon ancilla occurs on the Argentine coast and may have the capacity to serve as source of support for local fisheries. However, knowledge
of its reproduction is lacking. Over 3 years (from September 2000 to July 2004) we studied the oviposition at Golfo Nuevo,
Patagonia by diving. Monthly collections were performed to examine gonadal stages histologically during 2002–2003. Gamete
development stages corresponded with the expected period for oviposition occurring from July to November, a time of increasing
day length. Oviposition also took place in March when water temperature attained a maximum of 18°C. Following the spawning
period, remaining gametes were resorpted in both sexes. Males contained sperm throughout the year, parasperm and eusperm forms
were found within the same acinus. Oogonia/oocytes ranged from 20 to 240 μm in diameter during oogenesis. Females commenced
laying egg capsules from a shell length of 114 mm. Reproduction is compared with other fishable volutid snails from the Argentine
shelf, and suggests the need to apply certain fishing restrictions if the resource begins to be utilized commercially. The
imposex condition was found in snails from some shipping areas. The frequency of this condition declined with distance from
the port. 相似文献
38.
Cañaveras JC Cuezva S Sanchez-Moral S Lario J Laiz L Gonzalez JM Saiz-Jimenez C 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2006,93(1):27-32
In this study, we show that moonmilk subaerial speleothems in Altamira Cave (Spain) consist of a network of fiber calcite
crystals and active microbial structures. In Altamira moonmilks, the study of the typology and distribution of fiber crystals,
extracellular polymeric substances, and microorganisms allowed us to define the initial stages of fiber crystal formation
in recent samples as well as the variations in the microstructural arrangement in more evolved stages. Thus, we have been
able to show the existence of a relationship among the different types of fiber crystals and their origins. This allowed us
to outline a model that illustrates the different stages of formation of the moonmilk, developed on different substrata, concluding
that microbes influence physicochemical precipitation, resulting in a variety of fiber crystal morphologies and sizes. 相似文献
39.
Laura Domingo Stephen T. Grimes M. Soledad Domingo M. Teresa Alberdi 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(4):503-511
Expansion of C4 grasses during Late Miocene and Early Pliocene constitutes one of the most remarkable biotic events of the Cenozoic era.
The Teruel–Alfambra region (northeastern Spain) contains one of the most complete Miocene–Pliocene sequences of mammalian
fossil sites in the world. In this study, stable isotope (δ
13C and δ
18O) analyses have been performed on the tooth enamel from the equid Hipparion from 19 localities spanning a time interval from approximately 10.9 to 2.7 Ma. This time range starts with the first appearance
of this genus in Spain and ends at its extinction. An increase in δ
13C at about 4.2 Ma has been observed, indicative of a shift toward a more open habitat. This shift may be related to a large
scale vegetation change which occurred across the Miocene–Pliocene boundary when C4 grasses expanded. This expansion might in turn be linked to global tectonic events such as the uplift of the Himalaya and/or
the closure of the Panama Isthmus. However, other more regional factors may have ultimately enhanced the trend toward more
open habitats in the Western Mediterranean Basin. The Messinian Salinity Crisis was a major environmental event that may have
been responsible for the isotopic changes seen in the equid Hipparion from the Iberian Peninsula along with an increase in the aridity detected ~4.6 Ma ago in the Sahara. Even though the exact
factor triggering the isotopic change observed in the Hipparion enamel remains mostly unknown, this study demonstrates that the global environmental changes detected across the Miocene–Pliocene
boundary are also recorded in the realm of the Iberian Peninsula.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
40.
Reyes-Márquez Alejandra Aguíñiga-García Sergio Morales-García Sandra Soledad Sedeño-Díaz Jacinto Elías López-López Eugenia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61643-61661
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of trace metals have a profound impact on the structure and function of coastal areas; however, the metal... 相似文献