表面活性剂加强动电技术去除污泥中铜和镉

以实际城市污泥为研究对象,通过采用表面活性剂作为阴极液,并考虑阴极液pH值、表面活性剂类型和电压3种因素对动电技术去除污泥中重金属(铜和镉)的影响,选用正交试验确定最佳试验条件.结果表明,采用表明活性剂作为阴极液加强动电技术去除污泥中重金属足可行的,铜和镉的去除率分别达到11.1%～52.6%和9.1%～46.7%.通过对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析,试验的最佳条件为:电压为20 V,阴极液加入十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并控制pH值为4～6.表面活性剂的类型对动电技术去除镉具有显著影响.其中,表面活性剂类型对动电过程的影响最大,阴极液pH值次之,电压影响最小.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液运移规律分析与模拟

基于多孔介质流体力学、多相流以及土壤水动力学理论,利用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了垃圾填埋场中渗滤液运移过程的基本规律,并对填埋场底部可渗和不可渗2种情况下渗滤液的运移规律进行了模拟比对,研究成果可为填埋场渗滤液控制系统的设计和管理提供科学的理论依据和技术支持。     

Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

底泥中重金属毒性的室内孔隙水分析技术

根据孔隙水中重金属的浓度可以判定底泥中重金属的毒性但获得真正的底泥孔隙水十分困难。本文提供了一套简便易行的室内原状孔隙水取样技术,将碳化硅砂芯埋入底泥,添加表层水并静置９０ｄ,通过渗滤获得孔隙水,测定孔隙水中重的浓度,所得结果与微生态系统暴露试验中生物指示的重金属的毒性大小相吻合,与生物积累重金属的浓度显著正相关。     

Effects of Acid Rain on Competitive Releases of Cd, Cu, and Zn from Two Natural Soils and Two Contaminated Soils in Hunan, China

Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6–3.8) were conducted for two natural soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, south-central China, to study effects of acid rain on competitive releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released, but more than 99% of external Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desorption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, which could be described as an exponential equation. Compared with the natural soils, acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions in the contaminated soils. More acidified soils had a lower sorption capacity to metals, mostly related to soil properties such as pH, organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO₄ ²⁻, exchangeable Al³⁺ and H⁺, and contents of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃.     

基于指标模糊权和协调性下的地下水水质评价模型构建及应用

在地下水质量标准中,各指标权重的选择与权重的内涵存在着不确定性;同一指标的分级界点值差异显著,近似地呈现几何级数变化。基于以上这两种情况,构建基于指标模糊权和协调性下的地下水水质评价模型。应用层次分析法和专家调查9标度法确定指标的相对权重,结合贝塔系数计算出指标的模糊权重。对评价标准及待评价地下水水质监测值进行对数变换,采用距离测度法来构造隶属函数,并对其进行求余,按最大隶属原则来评判地下水质量等级。应用此模型对徐州市的重要水源地——张集地下水水质进行评价。结果表明:研究区的20个采样点水质为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占90%,符合饮用水的要求。与投影寻踪法的评价结果基本一致。     

炼油废水处理的现状、问题及对策

针对原油性质日趋恶劣、排放标准日益严格的形势,介绍了炼油废水的处理现状,分析了炼油废水在达标排放、处理回用、运行成本等方面面临的主要问题,提出了从源头挖掘节水减排潜力、实施装置排水分级控制与高浓度废水预处理、对废水处理场进行适度改造和补充完善、开发含盐废水处理技术等对策。     

冻融循环作用后钢筋混凝土电化学除氯效果研究∗

为探究盐冻环境钢筋混凝土结构经电化学除氯后的残余氯离子分布规律,本文设计快速冻融试验,对冻融循环作用后的钢筋混凝土开展电化学除氯试验,研究冻融循环次数、除氯时间和粉煤灰掺量等因素对钢筋混凝土电化学除氯效果的影响。研究表明,粉煤灰混凝土电化学除氯效率受冻融循环作用影响和粉煤灰二次水化的共同影响,冻融循环作用引起的混凝土性能劣化导致电化学除氯后混凝土内残余氯离子呈凸型分布,集聚在距混凝土表面 15~25 mm 范围,钢筋附近残余氯离子含量最低。结果表明,冻融循环作用会引起混凝土电化学平均除氯效率上升,相较于未冻融试件,冻融循环作用 100 次的试件上升约 12.5%;随电化学除氯时间增加,平均除氯效率会增大,混凝土内残余氯离子含量下降和外迁总量正相关;随粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土电化学除氯效率增大,掺 10%、 20%、30% 的粉煤灰混凝土,其 28 d 平均除氯效率分别达到 51.2%、54.5%、59.9%。     

Authentication of emission monitoring data and optimization of desulfurization in the molybdenum roasting process based on BAT-OOPN and the response surface method

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper presents a quantitative pollutant discharge model for a typical molybdenum roasting plant, which combines the best available technology and...     

Geochemistry of heavy metal-contaminated sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the...