重金属胁迫对日本对虾(Penaeus japonicas )胚胎发育的影响

以受精1 h以内的日本对虾受精卵为实验对象,采用静水试验方法,研究了Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Cd和Cr 7种重金属对日本对虾胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,7种重金属中Hg、Cu对日本对虾胚胎发育毒性最大,其次是Zn、As、Cd,Pb和Cr无明显影响。Hg、Cu、Cd、As、Zn对日本对虾胚胎LC₅₀值分别为：0.0177 mg·L^-1、0.1070 mg·L^-1、1.6057 mg·L^-1、3.3682 mg·L^-1、8.2644 mg·L^-1,致死效应最低可观测效用浓度（LOEC）分别为0.0037 mg·L^-1、0.0166 mg·L^-1、0.1302 mg·L^-1、1.1572 mg·L^-1、2.1522 mg·L^-1;抑制发育LOEC分别为0.0062 mg·L^-1、0.0176 mg·L^-1、0.4002 mg·L^-1、1.9497 mg·L^-1、0.0617 mg·L^-1。随着Hg、Cu浓度的升高,胚胎孵化率不断下降,无节幼体死亡率不断上升,在Hg 0.0256 mg·L^-1浓度组中,胚胎48 h死亡率达到100%。以上结果说明,Hg、Cu等重金属的存在会延缓日本对虾胚胎的发育速度,随着重金属浓度的增加,滞育现象愈加明显,在Cu 0.32 mg·L^-1浓度组中,未见无节幼体孵出。     

Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil-contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere (AR); this value was 27% and 53%higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere (FR) and from the non-rhizosphere (NR), respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796, 731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR>FR>NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.     

多环麝香对蚯蚓的急性和亚急性毒性效应

为探讨多环麝香对土壤动物的毒性效应,以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为供试生物,采用滤纸接触法与自然土壤法,考察了吐纳麝香(AHTN)和佳乐麝香(HHCB)对蚯蚓的急性和亚急性毒性效应。结果显示,滤纸法测得的AHTN和HHCB对蚯蚓的急性经皮毒性为中等毒性,对蚯蚓的48h-LC_(50)分别为20.76和11.87μg·cm~(-2),而自然土壤法测得的AHTN和HHCB对蚯蚓的14d-LC_(50)分别为436.3和392.4μg·g~(-1),2种多环麝香皆属低毒物质。HHCB对蚯蚓的急性毒性大于AHTN,但2种毒性测定方法中不同的染毒介质和毒性作用途径使AHTN和HHCB的急性毒性等级的界定有所差异。AHTN和HHCB对蚯蚓繁殖率的抑制作用较对生长速率更为明显,2种多环麝香对蚯蚓繁殖率的无可见效应浓度(NOEC)均为30μg·g~(-1),最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)均为50μg·g~(-1)。研究表明,蚯蚓繁殖率可作为一种潜在的生物标志物,用于监测或表征土壤中多环麝香的污染水平及其亚急性毒性效应。     

沿海资源富集区景观格局脆弱度的时空演变特征分析

探究最佳尺度下景观格局脆弱度的时空演变特征,有助于生态环境保护和功能优化.选择沿海资源富集区招远市为研究区,以2008年、2013年、2018年三期土地利用数据为基础,借助信息损失评价模型和半变异函数确定最佳空间粒度和幅度,构建了研究区景观格局脆弱度评价模型;运用普通克里金插值方法,得到研究区景观格局脆弱度分布图;利用...     

Prediction of ultimate bearing capacity of Tubular T-joint under fire using artificial neural networks

An artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed for the prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity of tubular T-joint under fire. The input parameters of the network are composed of the diameter ratio (β), the wall thickness ratio (τ), the diameter–thickness ratio (γ) and the temperature (T). The output parameter is composed of the ultimate bearing capacity. In this paper, the training and testing data of the neural network are obtained using the finite element program ABAQUS. The network is trained by 216 dataset and tested by 27 dataset. In the process of training of the network, the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm is adopted. The ‘tansig’ function is adopted in the hidden layer, and the ‘purelin’ function is adopted in the output layer. The results predicted by ANN are compared with the results simulated by finite element method (FEM). These results show that the prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity using the network model is accurate and effective.     

大型储罐灾变风险源评价

储罐是石油化工行业常用的储存设备,经常储存易燃、易爆或有毒物品,在使用过程中,一旦储罐失效其后果非常严重。通过对引起储罐失效的因素进行系统分析,建立了以储罐失效为顶事件的事故树。通过分析,得到了储罐失效树的各阶最小割集,确定了引起储罐失效的灾变风险源,计算出基本事件的结构重要度系数,并进行了相对重要程度排序,提出了相应的改进措施以确保储罐平稳安全运行。     

室内空气品质评价方法

介绍了室内空气品质评价及国内目前已建立的一些室内空气品质评价方法的研究进展．包括综合指数法、动态模式法和主观评价法等。并说明了这几种方法的使用特点和优点．展望了它们在国内的应用前景。     

模糊综合评价在建筑机械管理中的应用

应用模糊综合评价方法对建筑机械管理进行定量的综合评判,以期能够定量地预警。     

秦山核电厂换料大修高风险作业控制应用及优化

根据秦山核电厂三十万千瓦机组换料大修高风险作业控制实践经验,介绍一种基于安全许可管理的大修高风险作业控制模式,将高风险作业控制流程嵌入电站生产管理系统,与工单直接关联,实现了高危作业活动识别、风险分析及安全防护措施制定电子流程化。通过对电厂最近六次机组换料大修高风险作业控制相关数据统计、比较,评价高风险作业控制模式在电厂大修中应用效果的稳定性与有效性;根据核电厂大修类作业项目特点,提出机组换料大修期间大纲作业项目高风险作业控制改进方向。     

鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05对微囊藻毒素的生物降解

研究了云南滇池水华蓝藻细胞中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的分析和鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05在细胞水平和酶水平下对MC-YR、RR和LR的生物降解.结果表明,云南滇池水华蓝藻细胞中MC-YR、RR和LR的含量分别为0.16, 0.96, 0.47mg/g.在初始浓度分别为19.5mg/L MC-YR、79.5mg/L MC-RR和43.6mg/L MC-LR下,鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05在2d内可将上述3种MCs全部降解,鞘氨醇单胞菌USTB-05粗酶液可以以更快的速率对MC-YR、MC-RR和MC-LR进行高效酶催化降解,在10h内可以将初始浓度分别为14.8mg/L MC-YR、28.4mg/L MC-RR和19.5mg/L MC-LR全部降解.同时发现了MC-YR降解过程中的2个中间和1个最终代谢产物.