间苯二酚的微生物降解研究

从土壤中筛选的一株降解活性较高的细菌Ｔ１，当以间苯二酚为唯一碳源时，降解率可达９８％，研究表明，菌体接种量的大小对间苯二酚降解速度有一定的影响；降解酶为胞内酶，经鉴定，Ｔ１菌为黄单胞菌，其某些特性与已知菌种有差异，需进一步研究。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)广济寺森林群落植物物种多样性测定

本文根据实地调查资料及其统计分析结果,选用了24个物种多样性指数公式,并采用重要值、株数或鲜重以及优势度或盖度等作为测度指标,对南岳广济寺森林群落植物物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明,南岳广济寺森林属落多样性较高,接近山地季雨林的水平;此外,不同测度指标对物种多样性指数计算值并无明显的规律性。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅲ)广济寺森林群落植物物种相对多度分布格局

本文选用几何级数分布、分割线段、对数级数分布和对数正态分布等模型研究了南岳广济寺森林群落植物物种相对多度的分布格局。结果表明,对数级分布模型适于拟合南岳广济寺森林群落乔木层和灌木层物种相对多度的分布格局;分割线段中的序列一多度模型仅适合于乔木层;对数正态分布模型仅适合于草本层;几何级数分布模型完全适合于拟合任何层次。此外,α指数值亦显示出本群落接近山地季雨林的多样性水平。     

Nitrate reductase for nitrate analysis in water

Nitrate analysis in water is one of the most frequently applied methods in environmental chemistry. Current methods for nitrate are generally based on toxic substances. Here, we show that a viable alternative method is to use the enzyme nitrate reductase. The key to applying this Green Chemistry solution for nitrate analysis is plentiful, inexpensive, analytical grade enzyme. We demonstrate that recombinant Arabidopsis nitrate reductase, expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, is a highly effective catalyst for nitrate analysis at 37°C. Recombinant production of enzyme ensures consistent quality and provides means to meet the needs of environmental chemistry.     

富营养化水体中微囊藻细胞碎屑对氨氮的吸附特性

以微囊藻细胞碎屑作为水体有机质颗粒悬浮物的代表,模拟研究了有机质颗粒悬浮物对无机氮的吸附行为及吸附特性.实验表明,细胞碎屑颗粒对氨氮的吸附在30min内即可接近吸附平衡,吸附符合Henry吸附模式,在吸附剂浓度为10mg·l-1,氨氮初始浓度为1.0mg·l-1,pH7.0的实验条件下,吸附分配系数高达30426L·kg-1.碎屑浓度、pH值和盐度对吸附具有一定的影响.     

我国有机肥利用现状及合理利用的技术措施

总结了我国目前主要的有机肥的种类、利用方法及利用现状。根据我国目前土地的肥力状况及肥源状况，提出了我国今后肥料体系中有机肥合理利用的技术措施。     

Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions

Natural organic matter (NOM) is known to be complex in nature with varying structural and functional characteristics. In this study, an aquatic NOM was fractionated into the polyphenolic-rich (NOM-PP) and the carbohydrate-rich (NOM-CH) fractions in an attempt to better characterize their chemical and structural properties along with a reference soil humic acid (SHA). Various spectroscopic techniques were employed for the study, including ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis). 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Results indicate that the relative abundance of aromatic C=C and methoxyl (-OCH3) functional groups are in the order of SHA > NOM-PP > NOM-CH. However, the aquatic NOM-PP and NOM-CH fractions are characterized by high contents of carboxylic and alcoholic functional groups relative to the SHA. In particular, the NOM-PP fraction appears to contain more phenolic and ketonic functional groups than the NOM-CH and SHA fractions, and it gives a strong fluorescence and high paramagnetic spin count. On the other hand, the NOM-CH fraction possesses a relatively low amount of carbon but a high amount of oxygen or oxygen-containing structural features, such as carbohydrate-OH and carboxylic groups, and shows the least fluorescence intensity and paramagnetic spin counts. Results of these spectroscopic studies confirm the heterogeneous nature of NOM, and point out the importance of isolation and improved characterization of various NOM subcomponents in order to better understand the behavior and roles of NOM in the natural environment.     

高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应

本文综述了高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应的机理研究概况，及国内外最新的抑藻物质提取、分离、鉴定方法，并对其在水体畜养养化治理方面的应用前景作了进一步概述。     

论环境风险及其管理制度建设

在阐明环境风险和环境风险管理的概念和内涵的基础上,叙述了中国面临的主要环境风险,提出了中国环境风险管理制度建设的建议.并着重指出,国家应当对重点风险源进行直接管理.     

新型堆肥装置设计及其应用研究

根据城市生活垃圾的特点和性质,利用物料平衡和热力学原理进行好氧堆肥实验装置的设计,并对堆肥发酵仓容积的确定和配套辅助设备进行了研究,得出当堆肥装置直径小于225m时,需采取保温措施。通过强制通风静态仓式堆肥小试实验进行的城市生活垃圾堆肥结果表明,通过30℃及以上的水浴加热,可实现固体废物的堆肥化。