多级生态库塘对低污染水体的净化

为分析多级生态库塘对入洱海低污染水体的净化效果,以大理市上鸡邑村新建多级串并联库塘为研究对象,跟踪监测了库塘各单元进出口水体中总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH4+-N）、总磷（TP）变化情况,并对库塘净化效果进行分析。结果表明：多级串并联生态库塘对水体中TN、NH4+-N、TP的去除率分别达30.98%～54.96%、54.11%～64.17%、27.11%～47.83%,净化效果较好。库塘对低污染水氮磷去除效果在不同单元和季节存在差异,各净化单元中,稳定塘对水体净化效果最不理想,对水体中TN、NH4+-N、TP去除率分别为2.88%、-17.50%、-16.83%。库塘旱季对水体中氮磷净化效果优于雨季,对水体中 TN、NH4+-N、TP平均去除率分别为46.23%、84.43%、38.61%,均高于雨季。     

Occurrence and human dietary assessment of sulfonamide antibiotics in cultured fish around Tai Lake,China

As the most important fishery medicines, sulfonamides are widely used to prevent diseases caused by pathogens in aquaculture. However, relatively little is known about the residues and dietary risks associated with cultured fish around Tai Lake. In the present study, a sampling strategy for a complete aquaculture period was conducted. Specifically, 12 selected sulfonamide antibiotics were measured among 116 fish samples recruited from four sampling periods, four species, four areas, and 18 fish ponds. All 12 antibiotics were detected at detection frequencies of 4.31–28.45%. Total sulfonamides were detected in 77.59% of the fish samples, with 57.76% of fish samples containing from 0.1 to 10 μg kg^?1. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamethazine (SDD), and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were the main types of antibiotics used, and these were present at high concentrations (>100 μg kg^?1) with high occurrences, especially in the middle of the aquaculture season. Dietary assessment showed that residual antibiotics in all fish that were being sent to market were far below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of total sulfonamides and that there was almost no risk associated with fish consumption. The results of the present study will facilitate development of effective measures to produce safe aquatic products and meaningful suggestions for consuming aquatic products.     

TiO2/PVDF编织管改性复合膜的制备及性能

以PET编织管为内支撑层,以PVDF为膜基材、纳米TiO2粒子为亲水化改性剂,利用涂覆-浸没凝胶相转化法制备得到具有高强度高通量的PVDF-PET编织管改性复合膜。考察PVDF含量对涂覆及膜表面形貌和膜性能的影响。以水通量、抗污染性等为评价指标,确定改性膜中纳米TiO2颗粒的最佳投入比。结果表明：PVDF-PET编织管中空纤维膜在PVDF耗量、过滤面积和机械强度上较传统中空纤维膜具有更大优势。当铸膜液中PVDF含量在10%~14%时,膜表面平整光滑,涂覆均匀;PVDF含量为12%时,复合膜孔隙率最大。由QCM-D检测分析可知,PVDF/TiO2膜与纯PVDF膜相比,牛血清蛋白（BSA）吸附量减少;TiO2含量为1%时复合膜通量衰减率最低,抗污染性最强,通量最大,复合膜整体性能更为优异。     

垃圾分选设备及垃圾处理技术展望

我国是人口大国 ,随着人民生活水平的不断提高 ,现有的垃圾处理技术已逐渐不能适应产量日益增长与成分不断复杂化的垃圾处理的需要 ,垃圾处理急需一场革命性的变化 ,必须摆脱现有城市垃圾处理三大方法面临的技术上难以避免的弊端和“阴影”。也就是说 ,垃圾处理应该从垃圾分选设备技术整体创新入手 ,引入一整套的垃圾机械处理联合装置及各种新型的联合处理方法 ,使垃圾处理成本大大降低 ,从而产生一次历史转折性的突破 ,带动和实现垃圾处理的产业化。为了达到这一目标 ,对垃圾处理需要重点解决的技术难关进行了探讨与展望     

Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions

Natural organic matter (NOM) is known to be complex in nature with varying structural and functional characteristics. In this study, an aquatic NOM was fractionated into the polyphenolic-rich (NOM-PP) and the carbohydrate-rich (NOM-CH) fractions in an attempt to better characterize their chemical and structural properties along with a reference soil humic acid (SHA). Various spectroscopic techniques were employed for the study, including ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis). 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Results indicate that the relative abundance of aromatic C=C and methoxyl (-OCH3) functional groups are in the order of SHA > NOM-PP > NOM-CH. However, the aquatic NOM-PP and NOM-CH fractions are characterized by high contents of carboxylic and alcoholic functional groups relative to the SHA. In particular, the NOM-PP fraction appears to contain more phenolic and ketonic functional groups than the NOM-CH and SHA fractions, and it gives a strong fluorescence and high paramagnetic spin count. On the other hand, the NOM-CH fraction possesses a relatively low amount of carbon but a high amount of oxygen or oxygen-containing structural features, such as carbohydrate-OH and carboxylic groups, and shows the least fluorescence intensity and paramagnetic spin counts. Results of these spectroscopic studies confirm the heterogeneous nature of NOM, and point out the importance of isolation and improved characterization of various NOM subcomponents in order to better understand the behavior and roles of NOM in the natural environment.     

Trace analysis of dissolved polychlorinated organic compounds in the water of the Yangtse River (Nanjing, China)

Eighteen organochlorine contaminants from the water samples of the Yangtse River have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The analysis of polychlorinated organic compounds (PCOCs) extracted by C18 Solid Phase Extract (SPE) was performed using HP6890 gas chromatograph coupled by ECD detector. The analytical results demonstrate that the analytical methods are reliable based on the fact that most of the recoveries for the targeted compounds are 60-90%. Most of the concerned contaminants, i.e. chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were found in the water samples of the Yangtse River, but their concentration was very low, <2.97 ng l(-1), which is far less than 1 microg l(-1)--the standard of drinking water of China. It is apparent that the PCOCs were in high concentration during the dry season, and in low concentration during the rainy season. The situation of PCOCs contamination in the water of the Yangtse River in 1999 was greatly improved in comparison with 10 years ago.     

纳米磷酸铝合成及对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能应用研究

用固相模板方法，在150C、2h条件下合成纳米磷酸铝，通过XRD、IR、ICP和化学分析进行了表征。TG研究表明，纳米磷酸铝从室温到1000C范围内热稳定性好。并对磷酸铝和纳米磷酸铝对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明，它们对Cr(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附性能。     

Characteristics of Asian dust transport based on synoptic meteorological analysis over Korea

Classification of synoptic patterns and their correlation with dust events over East Asia were performed by means of cluster analysis. The average linkage and K-means clustering techniques were used to identify two major weather types during Asian dust events (ADEs; total 26 ADEs with 47 dusty days) of six spring seasons from 1996 to 2001. The first weather type mainly influenced neighboring Asian countries and frequently occurred with ADEs (approximately 23% of ADE cases). It mostly occurred under a surface high (low)-pressure system over the west (east) of the Korean peninsula coupled with an upper-level trough and cutoff low passage over the center of the Korean peninsula. It showed strong advection in the middle/ upper troposphere with both a high aerosol index and enhanced coarse particulate matter (PM) loading over Korea. In contrast, the second weather type was mostly associated with long distance or continental-scale transport and occurred less frequently with ADEs (approximately 15%). It appeared with an upper-level trough and a cutoff low vertically connected with a surface low system that was formed by a strong cyclonic vortex over the north of the Korean peninsula. There were weak advection, low aerosol index, and low coarse PM concentration over the Korean peninsula during the second weather type. In addition, it was found to be mostly associated with the trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust to the western coast of North America.     

负载型磷酸氧钒低温脱硝催化剂的制备及其抗硫抗水性能

针对目前低温脱硝催化剂抗硫抗水性较差的不足,以TiO2为载体负载活性组分V2O5,利用磷酸调控表面酸性,制备了磷酸氧钒催化剂VPO/TiO2,并实验研究了SO2和水蒸气对其脱硝活性的影响。结果表明：控制P与V的摩尔比为1/5,活性组分(VPO)负载量为10%,焙烧温度为400 ℃时,催化剂脱硝性能最好,180~400 ℃温度范围内脱硝率高于98%;反应温度为200 ℃,烟气中SO2体积分数为200×10-6~800×10-6和水蒸气体积分数为4%时,催化剂的活性无明显下降。添加磷酸能够促使催化剂表面生成VOPO4、(VO)2P2O7及V4+/V5+氧化还原电对,提高了催化剂的低温脱硝活性。磷酸可增强催化剂的表面酸性,减少了SO2的表面吸附及其与活性组分的反应。另外,催化剂表面以介孔为主,可提高未被水分子占据的活性位点量,FT-IR图谱显示抗硫抗水测试后的VPO/TiO2表面未发现有硫酸根生成,VPO/TiO2表现出较强的抗SO2和水蒸气毒化的性能。负载型磷酸氧钒催化剂具有较高的脱硝活性和较强的抗硫抗水性能。     

Characterization of modified Alternanthera philoxeroides by diethylenetriamine and its application in the adsorption of copper(II) ions in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - By a simple and convenient method of using epichlorohydrin as linkages, a novel Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) derivative modified with...