Desorption of CO2, SO2, and NH3 in the vacuum evaporation of desulfurization wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mechanical vapor compression and multi-effect evaporation have been widely used in achieving zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater as they are...     

Morphology and composition of particles emitted from conventional and alternative fuel vehicles

Size, morphology, and composition of airborne particles strongly affect human health and visibility, precipitation, and the kinetic characteristics of particles. In this study, the morphology and chemical composition of particles emitted from conventional (diesel and gasoline) and alternative (CNG and methanol) fuel vehicles were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The SEM images revealed that the size of primary particles (without agglomeration) was approximately 10 nm in the exhaust from all the tested vehicles. The particles emitted from gasoline vehicle (GV), CNG vehicle (CNGV), and methanol vehicle (MV) had the same median diameter, 62 nm, which was smaller than those from heavy diesel vehicle (HDV) and light diesel vehicle (LDV). Soot was observed in the HDV, LDV, and GV samples but not in the CNGV and MV. The fractal dimension, which was used to quantify the degree of irregularity of soot, was 1.752 ± 0.014, 1.789 ± 0.076, and 1.769 ± 0.006 in the exhaust from HDV, LDV, and GV samples, respectively. The particles discharged by all tested vehicles contained the elements C, O, Fe, and Na. The main element in the samples of HDV, LDV, and GV was C, while O was the main element in the samples of alternative fuel vehicles. The profiles of minor elements were more complex in the emissions of alternative fuel vehicles than those in the emissions of conventional fuel vehicles. The results improved our understanding of the morphology and elemental composition of particles emitted from vehicles powered by diesel, gasoline, CNG, and methanol.

     

Effect of straw retention on carbon footprint under different cropping sequences in Northeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Inappropriate farm management practices can lead to increased agricultural inputs and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impacting...     

Characterization of a novel marine aerobic denitrifier Vibrio spp. AD2 for efficient nitrate reduction without nitrite accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aerobic denitrifiers have the potential to reduce nitrate in polluted water under aerobic conditions. A salt-tolerant aerobic denitrifier was newly...     

Explanation of heavy metal pollution in coal mines of china from the perspective of coal gangue geochemical characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of coal gangue surface accumulation and underground filling disposal, the heavy metals contained in coal gangue will inevitably...     

基于“压力-状态-响应”模型的宝鸡市生态环境敏感性评价

生态环境敏感性评价研究对于区域社会、经济与生态环境可持续发展具有重要现实意义。基于"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型构建相关指标体系,运用均方差赋权法对选取的2001~2013年宝鸡市生态环境"压力-状态-响应"层共25项指标进行评价研究。结果表明:生态环境压力指数和响应指数是影响宝鸡市生态环境敏感性变化的主要因素;受人类活动影响,2001~2013年宝鸡市生态环境敏感性不断波动,其发展大致经历了4个阶段:即2001~2004年属于较高敏感阶段,2005~2009年属于中度敏感阶段,2010~2011年属于较低敏感阶段,2012~2013年属于低敏感阶段。调整区域产业结构、优化经济发展方式、加强生态环境治理力度,是降低宝鸡市生态环境敏感性,实现区域人与社会、经济、资源和生态环境持续协调发展的有效途径。     

菌渣中阿维菌素残留检测方法及其无害化工艺研究

文章建立了简单、快速的阿维菌素菌渣中阿维菌素残留量高校液相色谱检测方法以及利用水热法处理阿维菌素菌渣。采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测方法测定阿维菌素菌渣中阿维菌素残留量,提取剂为乙腈/水=4/1(V/V),采用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化。加标回收率90.3%~107.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.00%~5.69%,阿维2菌素标准曲线线性相关系数R~2=0.999 6,线性范围为1.0~1 000 mg/L。利用正交实验,水热法处理阿维菌素菌渣,在190℃的温度下处理2 h后,菌渣中阿维菌素残留量由991.30降至0.84 mg/kg,去除率达99.92%。处理前后的菌渣与有机肥标准作对比,除含水率外其余检测指标均达到有机肥标准要求。该项研究为阿维菌素菌渣的资源化利用提供了理论依据。     

带支撑基坑围檩受力性状分析及数值模拟

通过对带支撑基坑围檩受力性状的分析,提出支撑与围檩正交、斜交分别对应的几种基坑围檩轴力分布形式,并以武汉市凯德广场古田项目为例,从实测数据出发,分析了基坑围檩轴力的变化规律,在对基坑内支撑平面有限元计算中设置在围檩上的边界条件的特性进行深入研究的基础上,使用数值模拟手段对基坑围檩轴力进行了计算与数值模拟验证。结果表明:与开挖工况一致,围檩轴力呈现"两阶段"增长过程,地下室主体结构施工完成后,围檩轴力趋于稳定;桩(墙)平行于围檩走向的切向约束客观存在,本例中围檩轴力呈现梯形交替递增分布形式;桩(墙)对围檩的约束方向包括切向和法向,其约束形式表现为线约束和弹性约束。     

离子交换膜的制备及发展趋势研究

总结当前离子交换膜制备技术的发展状况.从膜的分类及膜性能出发,讨论均相膜及异相膜的差异和今后各自的发展前景,并就提升膜单方面性能(如:选择透过性、离子交换容量、膜电阻、抗氧化性等)的方式进行归纳总结.离子交换膜的改进制备大多从结构上入手,提出今后膜制备的主要研究方向为:深化均相膜制备技术、结合国内成熟的离子交换树脂制备工艺改进异相膜的制备技术.     

西安市PM2.5燃煤源谱特征研究

针对西安本地源谱缺乏的现状,总结统计了西安目前灰霾特征和主要成因,对西安市燃煤源进行了测定.研究发现,在煤烟尘PM2.5中SO2-4的含量最高(25%),其次为OC(12%)、NH+4(7%)、Cl-(5%).对固定源燃煤与民用散烧煤,不同脱硫方式、脱硝方式和锅炉类型的固定源成分谱分析得出:1.SO2-4及Al、Si、Ca在固定源煤烟尘PM2.5中含量大于民用燃煤,OC与之相反;2.炉内喷钙法PM2.5中SO2-4明显高于其它脱硫法含量;双碱法PM2.5中Na的含量显著高于其它脱硫工艺流程的含量;氧化镁法PM2.5 中Mg含量为各类脱硫工艺中最高;石灰石膏法颗粒物中Mg、Al、Si、Ca等元素含量均高于大多数工艺;3.不同的脱硝工艺中NO-3离子在各类成分谱中的含量极低;4.链条炉与层燃炉PM2.5中OC、EC含量高于循环流化床炉、煤粉炉.