钛(Ⅳ)和铝(Ⅲ)改性沸石去除水溶液中过量氟离子

制备了负载铝沸石（Al-Z）和负载钛沸石（Ti-Z）复合材料并测试了2种吸附材料对氟离子的吸附性能。未改性的人造沸石对氟离子几乎没有吸附作用,室温下2 g·L-1的Al-Z和4 g·L-1的Ti-Z的最大吸附量分别为32.94 mg·g-1和15.03 mg·g-1。在偏酸性和中性条件下有利于Al-Z对氟离子的吸附;Ti-Z对氟离子的吸附效果在酸性条件下较好;Zeta电位结果表明Al-Z对氟离子的吸附较Ti-Z有更广泛的pH适应能力;Al-Z和Ti-Z受CO32-和PO43-共存离子的影响对氟离子的去除率下降,且Ti-Z受影响程度更大,这是因为CO32-和PO43-的存在会改变溶液的pH值,使溶液呈碱性,从而影响吸附剂对氟离子的吸附效果;准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温线方程符合描述这两种改性沸石对氟离子的吸附行为。与Ti-Z相比,Al-Z在吸附剂用量、氟离子吸附量、对pH与共存阴离子的适应性方面表现更好,是一种非常具有应用前景的氟离子吸附剂。     

磁性BiOI/Fe3O4的合成及光催化降解水中的双酚S

利用简单的共沉淀法在室温条件下制备了磁性空心蜂窝状的BiOI/Fe3O4光催化剂,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见光漫反射谱仪（UV-vis）、N2吸附-解析BET技术和振动磁强计（VSM）等仪器对其进行表征,并在可见光下催化降解双酚S（BPS）。结果表明,催化剂量为1.0 g·L-1、pH为9.0时,对BPS的去除率最高,可见光照90 min,BiOI/Fe3O4复合光催化剂对BPS的去除率可达90.6%。反应结束后,复合光催化剂在外加磁场作用下从反应体系中分离,循环实验5次后,其光催化效率仍保持在85.0%以上,表现出良好的稳定性。降解过程主要包含羟基自由基和光生空穴的氧化作用。沉淀法制备BiOI/Fe3O4简单可靠,条件可控,所制备的BiOI/Fe3O4具有良好的应用前景。     

The valuation of gross ecosystem product in the three provinces in northeast of China

Achieving sustainable development is an issue of global concern. Accounting for the gross ecosystem product (GEP) value can specifically quantify the value of ecosystems for people, which is conducive to the formulation of sustainable management decisions. We have improved the GEP framework accounting method for the first time and evaluated the ecosystem service value of 36 cities in three provinces in the northeast (TPN) of China from 2000 to 2019, which provides decision-making references for the sustainable development of TPN. The main accounting results and policy recommendations are as follows: (1) The ecological value of Northeast China is in an upward stage—GEP has increased from 3.1 trillion yuan in 2000 to 4.5 trillion yuan in 2019, with climate regulation and water conservation functions being the main driving factors for GEP. (2) Based on the dual analysis of GEP and gross domestic product (GDP), there is still high room for improvement in most cities in the TPN region. While ensuring the protection of ecosystem services, cities can convert ecological value into economic value through carbon trading, water rights trading, ecological compensation, and other methods based on ecological characteristics, which is conducive to the sustainable development of GDP and GEP in the TPN region in the future. (3) The cold and hot spot analysis of GEP also provides decision-making basis for the planning of future ecosystem service protection areas in the TPN region.     

臭氧-过硫酸钠高级氧化降解土霉素废气

为去除禽畜养殖粪便高温堆肥过程产生的土霉素(OTC)废气,采用臭氧-过硫酸钠(O₃/PS)高级氧化方法,在喷淋装置中降解土霉素(OTC)废气。通过对比不同条件下装置对OTC废气的去除率,考察了O₃及PS对OTC废气去除率及耦合作用。结果表明：O₃/PS喷淋塔对OTC去除率可达94.7%,O₃直接氧化作用的加入使OTC的去除率提高了6.2%~15.9%;加入PS后,OTC的去除率增加了13.9%~23.2%,这是由8.6%~13.7%的·OH氧化作用和4.5%~7.5%的${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$氧化作用引起的。结合高分辨液质联用仪(LC-TOF-MS/MS)分析OTC的降解产物,可以看出,OTC在O₃/PS喷淋塔中经过O₃、·OH和${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$的氧化后,生成了4种主要中间产物,即C₂₀H₁₈N₂O₈、C₂₂H₂₀N₂O₈、C₁₂H₁₆O₂和C₁₃H₂₁O₃。由此可知,OTC废气能被喷淋装置有效去除,并被O₃/PS氧化降解。以上研究结果为含OTC废气的产生、检测和处理提供了参考。     

灰化苔草叶片铜污染的高光谱响应研究

为了鄱阳湖湿地的生态安全,通过土壤盆栽实验,研究了不同Cu浓度(0、50、100、150、200和300 mg/kg)下灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)在整个生长发育期内叶片光谱参数和叶绿素的变化过程。结果表明,灰化苔草对Cu的耐性上限浓度不超过300 mg/kg;随着添加Cu浓度的升高,叶片Cu含量和土壤有效态Cu含量均逐渐升高,叶片SPAD值渐次降低;叶片Cu含量与红谷深度、红边峰值、红边斜率、R750~1250 nm等光谱特征值之间均呈现显著的负相关关系;灰化苔草最佳监测生育期为生长期。由此,为鄱阳湖湿地生态健康变化进行快速诊断提供了科学依据。     

阳离子表面活性剂改性油茶果壳对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附

以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对油茶果壳进行改性,制备CTAB-油茶果壳(CTAB-COS)吸附材料,并采用批实验法对其对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附去除进行了研究。考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量和离子强度等对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附影响,并研究了体系的吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征。结果表明,向100 mL浓度为50 mg/L的甲基橙溶液中加入0.40 g CTAB-COS,在最佳实验条件下,CTAB-COS对甲基橙的去除率可达96.66%。溶液离子强度增大,甲基橙去除率降低。CTAB-COS对甲基橙的吸附行为符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线可用Langmuir模型进行较好拟合,在20 ℃时最大吸附量为18.31 mg/g。吸附热力学结果表明,吸附过程为可自发进行的放热过程。再生性实验结果表明,再生6次后,CTAB-COS对甲基橙的吸附去除率仍可达到80%。该改性油茶果壳可应用于阴离子型染料废水的吸附法处理。     

合成条件对粉煤灰合成沸石除磷特性的影响

利用不同钙含量的3种粉煤灰采用碱熔融-水热法合成沸石,研究了不用合成条件对3种粉煤灰合成沸石除磷性能的影响,并分析了除磷机理。3种粉煤灰合成沸石中沸石的种类各不相同,低钙粉煤灰合成沸石主要以NaP1型沸石为主,中钙粉煤灰合成沸石主要以一种无名沸石为主,高钙粉煤灰合成沸石则主要以加藤石为主,沸石含量几乎为零。碱灰比、熔融时间、熔融温度、固液比、结晶时间等合成因素中,对3种粉煤灰合成沸石固磷能力影响相对较大的是碱灰比和熔融时间。3种合成沸石的除磷能力顺序依次为高钙粉煤灰合成沸石> 中钙粉煤灰合成沸石> 低钙粉煤灰合成沸石,并且3种沸石的固磷能力与初始原料粉煤灰中的CaO含量成正比。固磷机理是合成沸石溶于水后向水中释放Ca2+,释放出来的Ca2+即可与磷酸根生成磷酸钙沉淀,从而达到固磷的目的。合成的沸石最大固磷能力为92.24 mg/g。     

大高差溜槽粉尘颗粒扩散运动规律数值模拟

为解决大型露天矿回填溜槽运输系统产生的粉尘污染问题,运用溜槽物料牵引流、落料诱导气流和剪切气流理论分析了溜槽工艺的粉尘析出机理。研究发现,溜槽运输系统粉尘的析出是诱导空气的尘化作用、剪切压缩尘化作用的结果,粉尘析出的主要影响因素包括物料的基本属性、运行速度及溜槽出口落差。基于气固两相流理论,利用数值模拟方法计算小空间粉尘颗粒的扩散规律和颗粒运动轨迹,结果显示溜槽系统粉尘粒径范围在0~100 μm,物料流速度大于10 m/s时,粉尘大部分被扬起,溜槽出口距离平台距离越大粉尘析出量越大。为制定多尺度、综合的粉尘防治措施提供必要的理论支撑与科学依据。     

Ecological and economic impacts of green roofs and permeable pavements at the city level: the case of Corvallis,Oregon

A city's spatial footprint is covered by extensive impervious building roofs and paved surfaces, which contribute to greater storm-water runoff, more surface pollutants, and less carbon sequestration, hence, worse ecosystem services. This research conducts an empirical study on the ecological and economic impacts of a citywide adoption of green roofs and permeable pavements in Corvallis, OR. The effects on ecosystem services of using green roofs and pervious pavements for a low impact development are modelled using Integrated Value of Ecosystem Services Trade-offs and compared to those from the City's current conventional development without green roofs and pervious pavements. The differences are analysed for ecological impact by storm-water yield, storm-water purification, and carbon sequestration and economic impact by a cost-benefit comparison. The results indicate that low impact development, especially intensive green roofs on commercial/industrial buildings and permeable pavements for parking lots, plays a significant role, even with a higher initial implementation cost, for long-term urban sustainability.     

Optimization of the food waste water incineration with respect to CO and NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> emission characteristics

The incineration of food waste water in conjunction with the domestic waste is getting attention as a food waste water treatment method, due to its low treatment cost and high efficiency. Many studies verified that the ammonia in the food waste water served as a reducing agent to suppress the generation of NO_x when the food waste water was injected and incinerated. However, they have not revealed the correlation between the change in the concentration of the CO and NO_x by the influence of the solid matters contained in the food waste water on the incineration of the wastes. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum amount of the food waste water injected through four nozzles in the primary and secondary incineration chambers and to assess the correlation between the concentration of CO and NO_x in accordance with the food waste water injection in each chamber of the incinerator. For the study, four food waste water injection nozzles were installed; two (A and B) at the top of the primary incineration chamber and the other two (C and D) in the secondary incineration chamber. The correlation between the change in the concentration of CO and NO_x was studied adjusting the amount of the food waste water injected through the nozzles. From the result, Case II showed the concentration of CO and NO_x as 1.8–10 and 14–26 ppm, respectively, while Case I showed that of CO and NO_x as 15–30 and 9–18 ppm, respectively. Those levels are well below the Korean emission criteria, 50 ppm for CO and 80 ppm for NO_x. Based on the results, it is evident there is a certain trade-off between emission of CO and NO_x, and Case II which has relatively low concentration of CO is easier and cheaper to control.