城市垃圾污染防治对策探讨

从城市拉圾产生的机制入手，分析了城市垃圾污染产生的原因，并对目前所采取的主要处理方法人季简要评述，在此基础提出了实现城市垃圾最小量化，推动垃圾资源化产业、提高垃圾无害化处理水平，中化监督管理等几点城市垃圾污染防治的对策。     

地塞米松生产中毒性物质泄漏的定性定量分析

采用预先危险性分析和事故树分析剖地塞米松生产过程中毒物质产生中毒事故的危险性。指出溴甲烷和氟化氢是典型毒物。同时，利用泄漏和扩散模型定量分析它们泄漏所造成的危险性。结果表明：溴甲烷泄漏时，地面轴线浓度可以达到９２．３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，远大于其急性中毒阈值，并制定了相应的预防性工程措施。     

上海市大气细菌污染研究

采用平皿沉降法对上海市６个采用点的大气细菌，进行了为期一年的监测，并进行了菌株鉴定和影响因素的研究分析，结果表明，上海市全年大气细菌数量变化曲线呈双峰型；空气中优势菌群为：微球菌属，葡萄球菌属，奈瑟氏菌属，干燥棒状杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属等。     

安太堡露天煤矿煤矸石自燃的治理

论迷了安太堡矿煤矸石自燃的原因、特征及治理措施,并对今后的工作提出了几点建议。     

安太堡露天矿南排土场滑体植被治理技术

论述了安太堡矿南排土场滑体整治模式,通过植被减少滑体侵蚀及水土流失,改善了滑体的生态景观,对滑体安全起到了良好作用。     

大气污染综合整治规划软件在中小城镇的应用

本文阐述了大气污染综合整治规划软件在北票市的实际应用，以北票市大气污染综合整治为实例，建立了大气污染综合整治计算机处理系统，取得了满意的效果．     

3种典型微生物农药对家蚕的毒性研究

苏云金芽孢杆菌、球孢白僵菌以及棉铃虫核型多角体病毒是细菌类、真菌类和病毒类微生物农药的典型代表。为了明确微生物农药对家蚕的毒性影响,选取以上3种典型微生物农药,分别探究其对家蚕的毒性。结果显示:苏云金杆菌原药对家蚕LC50值为1.33×105CFU·m L-1;球孢白僵菌原药对家蚕LC50值为1.14×106CFU·m L-1;棉铃虫核型多角体病毒母药对家蚕LC50值大于1.00×108PIB·m L-1。与此同时,通过进一步试验,明确了以上3种微生物农药对家蚕结茧率、死笼率、全茧量、茧层量等关键指标的影响。结果显示:除了棉铃虫核型多角体病毒母药,高浓度苏云金杆菌原药、球孢白僵菌原药对家蚕的结茧率和死笼率均具有显著影响;3种微生物农药对家蚕产茧能力指标全茧量、茧层量以及蛹重均无显著性影响。     

三氯卡班对小鼠血浆内源性物质影响的代谢组学研究

三氯卡班被认定为一种新型的环境污染物,可能对动植物和人体产生危害,为探究三氯卡班的有害作用机制,选择C57BL6小鼠作为载体,利用分子生物学和报告基因方法考察了三氯卡班对肝脏的作用,同时利用代谢组学技术考察三氯卡班对血浆内源性代谢物变化的影响。结果表明,三氯卡班是核受体CAR的激活剂,可以提高肝脏CYP2b10的m RNA表达。同时血浆主要的内源性代谢物也产生了显著性变化,血浆中的脂肪酸比例都呈下降趋势,肉毒碱与乙酰肉碱的比例都呈上升趋势,花生四烯酸与肌酸的比例都呈上升趋势,这都与核受体CAR被激活密切相关,由此说明利用代谢组学技术能够全面地反映三氯卡班所造成的对机体的影响。     

Comparative experiment on treating digested piggery wastewater with a biofilm MBR and conventional MBR: simultaneous removal of nitrogen and antibiotics

A biofilm membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) and a conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) were parallelly operated for treating digested piggery wastewater. The removal performance of COD, TN, NH₄ ⁺-N, TP as well as antibiotics were simultaneously studied when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was gradually shortened from 9 d to 1 d and when the ratio of influent COD to TN was changed. The results showed that the effluent quality in both reactors was poor and unstable at an influent COD/TN ratio of 1.0±0.2. The effluent quality was significantly improved as the influent COD/TN ratio was increased to 2.3±0.5. The averaged removal rates of COD, NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP were 92.1%, 97.1%, 35.6% and 54.2%, respectively, in the BF-MBR, significantly higher than the corresponding values of 91.7%, 90.9%, 17.4% and 31.9% in the MBR. Analysis of 11 typical veterinary antibiotics (from the tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and macrolide families) revealed that the BF-MBR removed more antibiotics than the MBR. Although the antibiotics removal decreased with a shortened HRT, high antibiotics removals of 86.8%, 80.2% and 45.3% were observed in the BF-MBR at HRTof 5–4 d, 3–2 d and 1 d, respectively, while the corresponding values were only 83.8%, 57.0% and 25.5% in the MBR. Moreover, the BF-MBR showed a 15% higher retention rate of antibiotics and consumed 40% less alkalinity than the MBR. Results above suggest that the BF-MBR was more suitable for digested piggery wastewater treatment.

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脂多糖诱发生物体内合成NO_2~－和胺类化合物的研究

脂多糖诱发生物体内合成ＮＯ_２~－和胺类化合物的研究宋秀贤，赵海涛，金秀兰许后效，林继红，陆德培（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京，１０００８５）关键词亚硝酸根；胺类化合物；生物合成；脂多糖．一些研究已经证明Ｎ－亚硝基化合物（ＮＯＣ）对动物存在致癌性￣...