生物膜法与活性污泥法

通过两种工艺不同特点的对比，指出了生物膜法工艺的根本特性，说明该工艺是有机污水治理的江佳选择，是炼油污水处理工艺的最佳选择．另对“无剩余污泥”提出了不同看法．     

光催化降解有机磷农药中甲胺磷的降解效率的测定

采用纳米TiO2光催化降解甲胺磷农药，分别测定分析了PO^3-4,有机磷农药，COD等，以说明光催化降解甲胺磷的情况，结果说明纳米TiO2光催化降解甲胺磷是可行的，根据我们及他人光催化降解有机磷农药的实验结果，比较了分别通过测定TOC，CO2，PO^3-4，有面农药，COD等各种不同的分析方法来衡量光催化降解效率，以评定催化剂的活性及光催化法的可行性的优缺点，以便根据样品的实际情况以及实验室所具备的仪器设备，选择合适的分析方法。     

基于实际道路交通流信息的北京市机动车排放特征

通过模型模拟和调查统计方法获取了北京路网的车流量、车型构成和车速基础数据.基于具有时空分布特征的实际道路交通流信息和排放因子,以Arc GIS为平台构建了北京市机动车尾气排放清单,并分析实际道路排放特征及污染物排放的空间分布特征.结果表明,北京市城区各类型道路上小客车比例均在89%以上,郊区道路也为小客车比例最高,但小货车、中货车、大货车、大客车、拖拉机和摩托车均占一定比例.污染物排放强度与车流量呈正相关性,污染物排放强度总体上呈现白天高夜间底的趋势,但是郊区道路PM排放昼夜变化趋势不明显,高速路的PM排放强度夜间大于白天.污染物排放的空间分布为城区、南部、东南以及东北部接近城区的区域排放强度较高,西部山区及北部山区由于路网密度较小排放强度较低,城区环路和郊区高速公路附近由于车流量大,排放强度较高.     

西湖底泥对水中苯胺、苯酚的吸附性能及机理

研究了杭州西湖５ 个不同采样点底泥对水中苯胺、苯酚的吸附性能及机理,初步探讨了ｐＨ和振荡时间对吸附的影响．结果表明,西湖底泥中有机碳含量较高（５．６６％ ～１１．９０％ ）,对水中苯胺的吸附作用及其去除率与底泥的有机碳含量成正相关（ｒ＝ ０．９９８）;对苯酚的吸附作用及其去除率与底泥的比表面积成正相关（ｒ＝ ０．９４２）．     

Hydrolysis of polyaluminum chloride prior to coagulation: Effects on coagulation behavior and implications for improving coagulation performance

The effects of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) hydrolysis prior to coagulation on both the coagulation zone and coagulation performance of a kaolin suspension were investigated by a novel jar test named the “reversed coagulation test”. The tests showed that PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation decreased the performance of charge neutralization coagulation in the case of short-time slow mixing (10 min; G = 15 sec ?1 ) and increased the optimal dosage for charge neutralization and sweep coagulation. Moreover, the hydrolysis time had insignificant effects on the size and zeta potential of PACl precipitates and the residual turbidity of the raw water. However, PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation and the size of PACl precipitates had a negligible effect on the performance of sweep coagulation.The results imply that, in practice, preparing a PACl solution with deionized water, rather than tap water or the outlet water from a wastewater treatment unit, can significantly save PACl consumption and improve the performance of charge neutralization coagulation,while preparing the PACl solution with tap or outlet water would not affect the performance of sweep coagulation. In addition, the optimal rapid mixing intensity appears to be deter-mined by a balance between the degree of coagulant hydrolysis before contacting the primary particles and the average size of flocs in the rapid mixing period. These results provide new insights into the role of PACl hydrolysis and will be useful for improving coagulation efficiency.     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified TiO2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a hydrothermal treatment and modified by three kinds of amines,namely ethylenediamine,polyetherimide and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA),to study their CO2 adsorption properties from gas streams.The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy,as well as low temperature N 2 adsorption.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column at 30℃.TEPA-modified TiO2 nanotubes showed the highest adsorption capacity of 167.64 mg/g because it had the highest amino-group content among the three amines.CO2 fixation on TiNT impregnated by TEPA was investigated at 30,50,and 70℃,and the adsorption capacity increased slightly with temperature.Following the adsorption step,the sorbents were regenerated by temperature programmed desorption,and the TiNT-TEPA sample,as CO2 sorbent,was found to be readily regenerated and energy-efficient.The cycle test also revealed that the TiNT-TEPA adsorbent is fairly stable,with only a 5% drop in the adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,the CO2 adsorption behavior was investigated with the deactivation model,and which showed an excellent prediction for the TiNT-TEPA breakthrough curves.     

聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的性能研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸和硫酸铁为原料制备聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂（简称ＰＦＳＳ）,考察了ＰＦＳＳ在不同条件下水解产物表面的ζ电位变化情况,研究了Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比和投加量对ＰＦＳＳ除浊效果的影响,试验了ＰＦＳＳ的最佳混凝ｐＨ范围与Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比之间的关系,探讨了其混凝机理．结果表明,Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比对ＰＦＳＳ水解产物的ζ电位、ＰＦ－ＳＳ的混凝效果以及ＰＦＳＳ适宜的最佳ｐＨ值范围都有影响;当Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比达１．５左右时,ＰＦＳＳ的混凝除浊效果趋于最佳．     

高速公路植物防护方法的研究

详细论述了影响基路稳定性的自然，工程和人为引起的几种因素，包括：大气降水，风沙，大环境植被条件，路基坡度，土壤装况，人畜危害，通过对这些因素的分析提出了实施生物防护工程的具体措施。（1）高速公路发化工程与其两翼绿化程的同步实施，（2）工程措施与植物的措施有机结合，（3）增加绿地覆盖指数与路基的稳定性紧密相关。（4）科学确定适宜的植物种群，（5）合理匹配植物层次。（6）提高绿化的装饰艺术，（7）植物防护措施在重点路段部位的实施。     

清水江水质评价与变化趋势的显著性分析研究

以贵州省黔南州清水江监测数据为例,采用五元联系数方法进行水质评价.分析表明,该方法是一种客观有效的评价方法,评价茶园、兴仁桥两个断面均优于环境规划类等级.针对TP、氟化物指标浓度严重超标问题,采用Daniel趋势检验法测试2006年-2010年指标浓度变化的显著性,结果说明：5年内清水江重安江大桥河段TP、氟化物浓度降低的趋势显著性较高;而兴仁桥河段TP浓度降低的趋势显著性偏低;氟化物浓度几乎不变,变化不显著.由此说明,黔南州清水江水质得到改善.     

洱海流域城镇化对农村生活污水排放量的影响

为揭示城镇化对流域内农村生活污水排放量的影响程度,以洱海流域为研究对象,采用综合指标评价法,选取城镇人口所占比例、农民年人均纯收入、农村水冲厕普及率及建成区面积4项指标,从人口、经济、社会生活方式、空间4个维度建立洱海流域城镇化综合评价体系,综合评价了流域城镇化水平,并采用相关分析法和多元回归分析法研究洱海流域城镇化4项指标对流域农村生活污水排放量的影响. 结果表明:2006—2012年,洱海流域的城镇化水平不断提高,大理市城镇化综合水平领先于洱源县. 大理市农村生活污水的排放量与城镇人口所占比例相关关系不明显,相关系数为0.246;与农民年人均纯收入、农村水冲厕普及率和建成区面积呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.951、0.980、0.969;洱源县农村生活污水的排放量与这4项指标的相关性较大理市明显,相关系数分别为0.754、0.973、0.998、0.975. 4项指标对大理市农村生活污水排放量的影响权重为农村水冲厕普及率>农民年人均纯收入>建成区面积>城镇人口所占比例,对洱源县农村生活污水排放量的影响权重为农村水冲厕普及率>城镇人口所占比例>建成区面积>农民年人均纯收入. 研究显示,在现有城镇化水平下,对洱海流域农村生活污水排放量最主要的影响因素为农村水冲厕的普及率,社会生活方式城镇化对洱海流域农村生活污水排量的影响最突出.