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131.
Pedro Sanzana Jorge Girons Isabelle Braud Jos‐Francisco Muoz Sebastin Vicua Sonia Reyes‐Paecke Francisco de la Barrera Flora Branger Fabrice Rodríguez Ximena Vargas Nancy Hitschfeld Santiago Hormazbal 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(3):720-739
The impact of urbanization on groundwater is not simple to understand, as it depends on a variety of factors such as climate, hydrogeology, water management practices, and infrastructure. In semiarid landscapes, the urbanization processes can involve high water consumptions and irrigation increases, which in turn may contribute to groundwater recharge. We assessed the hydrological impacts of urbanization and irrigation rates in an Andean peri‐urban catchment located in Chile, in a semiarid climate. For this purpose, we built and validated a coupled surface–groundwater model that allows the verification of a strong stream–aquifer interaction in areas with shallow groundwater, higher than some sewers and portions of the stream. Moreover, we also identified a significant local recharge associated with pipe leaks and inefficient urban irrigation. From the evaluation of different future scenarios, we found a sustainable water conservation scenario will decrease the current groundwater levels, while the median flow reduces from 408 to 389 L/s, and the low flow (Q95%) from 43 to 22L/s. Overall, our results show the relevance of integrating the modeling of surface and subsurface water resources at different spatial and temporal scales, when assessing the effect of urban development and the suitability of urban water practices. 相似文献
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133.
José Gianottp Guillermo Stettler Ernesto Haggp Adriana Pajares Sonia G. Bertolotti Norman A. García 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):461-470
Nonylphenol (nonyl‐P) belongs to the classification of persistent organic pollutants. In this work we demonstrate that the contaminant suffers photooxygenation when exposed to visible light Eosin‐photosensitized irradiation. The mechanism was identified as a singlet molecular oxygen‐mediated photooxidation. Rate constants for the process, determined by time‐resolved phosphorescence detection of singlet molecular oxygen, are in the range 105‐107 M‐1 s‐1, depending on the characteristics of the reaction medium. The photooxidative process is more efficient when performed in highly polar alkaline medium. The aggregation of nonyl‐P molecules in pure water decreases the rates of sensitized photooxidation of nonyl‐P and also those of polychlorophenolic contaminants, employed as photooxidizable model compounds, when photolyzed in the presence of nonylphenol. These results are discussed in terms of a micellar effect. 相似文献
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136.
Factors controlling change in biodegradation rate of the pesticide isoproturon with soil depth were investigated in a field with sandy-loam soil. Soil was sampled at five depths between 0-10 and 70-80 cm. Degradation rate declined progressively down the soil profile, with degradation slower, and relative differences in degradation rate between soil depths greater, in intact cores relative to sieved soil. Neither the maximum rate of degradation, or sorption, changed with soil depth, indicating that there was no variation in bioavailability. Differences in degradation rate between soil depths were not associated with the starting population size of catabolic organisms or the number of catabolic organisms proliferating following 100% degradation. Decreasing degradation rates with soil depth were associated with an increase in the length of the lag phase prior to exponential degradation, suggesting the time required for adaptation within communities controlled degradation rates. 16S rRNA PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that degradation in sub-soil between 40-50 and 70-80 cm depths was associated with proliferation of the same strains of Sphingomonas spp. 相似文献
137.
Cerdeira AL Desouza MD Queiroz SC Ferracini VL Bolonhezi D Gomes MA Rosa MA Balderrama O Rampazzo P Queiroz RH Neto CF Matallo MB 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(6):635-639
This study was undertaken to evaluate the degradation and mobility of the herbicide tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea) in soil under field conditions, and its potential for leaching and groundwater contamination. A watershed, Espraiado, located over a recharge area in Brazil, was chosen for soil and water studies. At Espraiado, water samples were collected from seven wells at intervals of three months from March 2004 to June 2006 and analyzed for tebuthiuron. Other samples were taken from city wells located outside of the recharge area. To assess the potential movement to the aquifer, tebuthiuron was also applied to trial plots at the recommended label rate of 1.0 kg/ha a.i. in May of 2004, with and without sugarcane coverage, on sandy soil. Soil samples were collected during the years of 2004 and 2005, at depths intervals of 20 cm from soil surface down to 120 cm and analyzed for tebuthiuron at zero, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 days after application. There was no clear effect of sugarcane coverage on the tebuthiuron degradation in soils, but it moved faster into the soil where there was no cover. After 180 days there were no measurable residues in the soil, and tebuthiuron was not found below 40 cm depth in any time. Tebuthiuron had a half-life of 20 days under those conditions. No tebuthiuron residue was found in ground water samples at any sampling time. 相似文献
138.
Nasri Emna Machreki Monia Beltifa Asma Aroui Sonia Ghorbel Asma Saad Amina Feriani Anouar Borgi Mohamed Ali Ghazouani Lakhdar Sire Olivier Balcázar José Luis Mansour Hedi Ben 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20422-20428
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hospital wastewaters contain large amounts of pharmaceutical residues, which may eventually be discharged into the aquatic environment through... 相似文献
139.
Marín-Benito JM Rodríguez-Cruz MS Andrades MS Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(3):814-822
The capacity of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a sorbent of fungicides was evaluated for its possible use in regulating pesticide mobility in the environment. The sorption studies involved four different SMS types in terms of nature and treatment and eight fungicides selected as representative compounds from different chemical groups. Nonlinear sorption isotherms were observed for all SMS-fungicide combinations. The highest sorption was obtained by composted SMS from Agaricus bisporus cultivation. A significant negative and positive correlation was obtained between the K(OC) sorption constants and the polarity index values of sorbents and the K(OW) of fungicides, respectively. The statistic revealed that more than 77% of the variability in the K(OW) could be explained considering these properties jointly. The other properties of both the sorbent (total carbon, dissolved organic carbon, or pH) and the sorbate (water solubility) were nonsignificant. The hysteresis values for cyprodinil (log K(OW)= 4) were for all the sorbents much higher (>3) than for other fungicides. This was consistent with the remaining sorption after desorption considered as an indicator of the sorption efficiency of SMS for fungicides. Changes in the absorption bands of fungicides sorbed by SMS observed by FTIR permitted establishing the interaction mechanism of fungicides with SMS. The findings of this work provide evidence for the potential capacity of SMS as a sorbent of fungicides and the low desorption observed especially for some fungicides, although they suggest that more stabilized or humified organic substrates should be produced to enhance their efficiency in environmental applications. 相似文献
140.
Sanda Iepure Virtudes Martinez-Hernandez Sonia Herrera Ruben Rasines-Ladero Irene de Bustamante 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5813-5826
In order to evaluate the water quality at the surface/groundwater interface (hyporheic zone), the pattern of microcrustacean assemblages in response to environmental stress caused by urban industrial contamination was studied in the Jarama River basin (central Spain) during high water discharges (March and April 2011). The clustering of biological variables and the concentration of urban contaminants in hyporheic waters showed that pristine hyporheic waters have moderate species diversity (two to seven species) and dominance of k strategist stygobites, whereas excessively contaminated sites are devoid by crustaceans. An intermediate level of disturbance in hyporheic waters is associated with a peak of species taxonomic diversity (four to nine species) and proliferation of r strategist more tolerant species. Typical species found in hyporheic zone, e.g., Paracyclops imminutus (Copepoda, Cyclopoida), Cryptocandona vavrai (Ostracoda) and Herpetocypris chevreuxi (Ostracoda), were good indicators of high concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb and VOCs; whereas the stygobites do not show any significant correlation. The effectiveness of hyporheic crustaceans as efficient bioindicators for assessing the current ecological status of river ecosystems is emphasised. 相似文献