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941.
Anaerobic dechlorination is an effective degradation pathway for higher chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The enhanced reductive dechlorination of PCB-contaminated soil by anaerobic composting with zero-valent iron (ZVI) was studied, and preliminary reasons for the enhanced reductive dechlorination with ZVI were investigated. The results show that the addition of nanoscale ZVI can enhance dechlorination during in-vessel anaerobic composting. After 140 days, the average number of removed Cl per biphenyl with 10 mg g?1 of added nanoscale ZVI was 0.63, enhancing the dechlorination by 34 % and improving the initial dechlorination speed. The ZVI enhances dechlorination by providing a suitable acid base environment, reducing volatile fatty acid inhibition and stimulating the microorganisms. The C/N ratios for treatments with the highest rate of ZVI addition were smaller than for the control, indicating that ZVI addition can promote compost maturity.  相似文献   
942.
成熟的汽车企业已经将高加速环境应力试验引入装车电工电子设备的研发、试产和批量供货的管理中,其需求已进入国内检测市场。本文以已发布的车企文件为基础,介绍并讨论高加速寿命试验(HALT)的各项要素和实验室要求。高加速应力筛选(HASS)和稽核(HASA)另行拟文讨论。  相似文献   
943.
Only few data exist on the metabolites produced during the biotransformation of anthraquinonic dyes by white rot fungi (WRF). During the biotransformation of an anthraquinonic dye Acid Blue 62 (ABu62) using Pycnoporus sanguineus MUCL 41582 strain, it was previously demonstrated that the blue colour of the medium turned to red before complete dye decolourisation. To better understand the phenomenon, this study carried out ABu62 biotransformation with five different WRF strains (Coriolopsis polyzona MUCL 38443, Perenniporia ochroleuca MUCL 41114, Perenniporia tephropora MUCL 41562, P. sanguineus MUCL 38531 and Trametes versicolor MUCL 38412) and compared with P. sanguineus MUCL 41582 previously described. A multi-methodological approach (using capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, HPLC, UV, NMR and IR spectroscopies) was developed to characterise the metabolites involved and monitor their apparition. Seven metabolites were commonly found with all strains, suggesting a common metabolic pathway for ABu62 biotransformation. During the first days, dimer and oligomers of the initial ABu62 molecule were observed: the main one absorbed in the 500nm region, explaining the red colour appearance of the medium. This main metabolite was made up of two molecules of ABu62 linked by an azo bond, minus a cyclohexyl moiety. After a longer incubation time, breakdown products were observed. Based on these products characterizations, a bioconversion pathway was proposed.  相似文献   
944.
Wei D  Lin Z  Kameya T  Urano K  Du Y 《Chemosphere》2008,72(9):1303-1308
In order to integratedly evaluate the biological safety as a water quality index, an assessment method based on three toxicity tests (algae growth inhibition, daphnia immobilization and larval fish toxicity) was developed. In this study, the developed method was used to screen, evaluate and rank the biological safety of small rivers near agricultural, industrial and residential areas. Twenty-seven representative water samples were collected from the Kaname River watershed and the Hinata River watershed in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The results indicated that (1) the biological safety of water from the Hinata River ranked much higher than those from the Suzu River and the Shibuta River due to less human activities, (2) the biological safety from outlets of paddy fields ranked much worse than those from point source discharges of toxic pollutants, (3) the use of pesticides significantly affected the water quality of nearby small rivers and ditches during the pesticide application season, (4) the effects of different kinds of pesticides could successfully be classified using one toxicity test component of the bioassay battery, and (5) there was no significant quantitative relationship between the toxicity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for the studied water samples. The toxicities of water samples in this study were in agreement with the concentrations of pesticides determined with chemical methods by other researchers, which demonstrated that the developed assessment method was reliable to screen site contaminated with organic chemicals for priority management.  相似文献   
945.
The formation characteristics of aerosol particles from pulverized coal pyrolysis in high temperatures are studied experimentally. By conducting a drop-tube furnace, fuel pyrolysis processes in industrial furnaces are simulated in which three different reaction temperatures of 1000, 1200, and 1400 degrees C are considered. Experimental observations indicate that when the reaction temperature is 1000 degrees C, submicron particles are produced, whereas the particle size is dominated by nanoscale for the temperature of 1400 degrees C. Thermogravimetric analysis of the aerosol particles stemming from the pyrolysis temperature of 1000 degrees C reveals that the thermal behavior of the aerosol is characterized by a three-stage reaction with increasing heating temperature: (1) a volatile-reaction stage, (2) a weak-reaction stage, and (3) a soot-reaction stage. However, with the pyrolysis temperature of 1400 degrees C, the volatile- and weak-reaction stages almost merge together and evolve into a chemical-frozen stage. The submicron particles (i.e., 1000 degrees C) are mainly composed of volatiles, tar, and soot, with the main component of the nanoscale particles (i.e., 1400 degrees C) being soot. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in the aerosols are also analyzed. It is found that the PAH content in generated aerosols decreases dramatically as the pyrolysis temperature increases.  相似文献   
946.
膜分离技术在印染废水分质处理与分段回用中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
印染废水具有水量大、种类多、色度高、成分复杂和污染严重等特点,如果将各部分废水混合后再处理,很难找到合适的解决工艺,因此应采取分质处理和分段回用的方法,膜分离技术在这方面有较强的针对性.基于近年的文献调研,综述了膜分离技术处理退浆、洗毛和染色等废水及回收聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羊毛脂、染料等资源的研究情况,主要讨论了膜材料、膜孔径以及运行工艺条件等因素对印染废水处理效果的影响.  相似文献   
947.
Soit carbon (C) stock is the largest C pool in terrestrial ecosystems, and the emission of CO2 through soil respiration contributes to the majority of soil C expenditure and atmospheric C. Soil respiration is also one of the major processes controlling the C budget of terrestrial ecosystems. A slight change in soil CO2 emission might cause drastic variations in global C balance. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the characteristics of soil respiration of soils growing different types of vegetation over a long period, and determine its relationship with variables such as soil temperature and moisture. The rate of soil respiration was measured each month in the growing seasons (from April to October) of 2011, 2013, and 2014 using the Li-8100 CO2 flux measurement system in the central Loess Plateau. Four types of vegetation (Quercus liaotungensis, Platycladus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, and a natural shrub) were chosen for the periodical measurements. A permanent sample plot was established for each type of vegetation, and five polyvinyl chloride (PVC) collars were placed in each plot for the measurements. The temperature and water content of the soil in the upper 12 cm near the collar were measured using a digital soil temperature probe and a TDR 200 soil moisture meter at the same time when the soil respiration was measured. The soil respiration rates were fitted to the soil temperature and moisture with an exponential function, power function, linear function, and an equation combining the two variables. The results showed that: (1) the seasonal variation in the rates of soil respiration in the soils growing the four types of vegetation were almost the same, and were lower in the earlier period and then increased to high levels in the middle and later periods; (2) the rates of soil respiration in the same month varied with the type of vegetation grown, and were in the descending order: Q. liaotungensis > P. orientalis > shrub > R. pseudoacacia; (3) the average values of the rates of soil respiration in 2011, 2013, and 2014 were 2.77, 3.48, and 5.08 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. The variation in soil respiration was higher across the three years than the variation for the types of vegetation grown; and (4) the rate of soil respiration was positively correlated to soil temperature and moisture for all the types of vegetation. A better fit was obtained by using the equation that included both the variables, soil temperature and moisture, than by an equation that included a single factor. Our results suggested that both seasonal and inter-annual variations of soil respiration occurred in the soils growing the four types of vegetation in the region. The temperature and water content of soils are the major regulating factors, and soil respiration in the Loess Plateau is more greatly affected by environment factors than by the type of vegetation. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.  相似文献   
948.
生物膜法A/O系统处理腈纶废水工业试验   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本工业试验规模为1400—1600t/d,装置A/O容积比1:3,当平均停留时间22.6h,回流比3.2,水温约35℃左右时,平均去除率CODcr达88.36%、BOD597.49%、TN77.67%、AN99.41%。出水各项指标平均值为CODCr53.57mg/L、BOD55.6mg/L、TN14.94mg/L、NH3-N6.92mg/L、AN1.02mg/L、NaSCN2.67mg/L,SS仅20mg/L,因此不设二沉池。  相似文献   
949.
炼油厂碱渣废水的处理研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文着重研究大孔吸附树脂对炼油厂碱渣处理后含酚废水的处理情况,实验表明,此种树脂吸附量大,酚去除率达95%以上,COD去除率达60%以上。  相似文献   
950.
汞的地球化学行为取决于汞的物理化学性质.汞在地震活动过程中的异常变化十分明显,映震效能较好。通过分析主要震例发现,汞异常特征普遍表现为高值或正脉冲及其脉冲群。异常分布范围与震级大小有关。一般来说是在异常结束后发震,但也有的是在高值段或异常恢复段发震。异常一般出现于震前几天到几个月不等。  相似文献   
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