高铁酸钠溶液处理焦化废水影响因素研究

采用电化学合成的高铁酸钠溶液直接对焦化废水进行处理,考察了pH值、高铁投加量和作用时间对废水中污染物去除率的影响。结果表明,获得最佳去除效果的适宜pH值为9,废水中各种污染物的脱除率随着高铁投加量的增大而升高;当作用时间为50 min、高铁投加量为41.67 mmol/L时,废水中酚的脱除率可达到74.2%。研究还发现,处理过程中用硫酸调节适宜pH值同时可促进(NH4)2SO4晶体的析出,既有利于氨氮的去除,又实现了氨氮的回收利用。     

Multispecies genetic objectives in spatial conservation planning

Growing threats to biodiversity and global alteration of habitats and species distributions make it increasingly necessary to consider evolutionary patterns in conservation decision making. Yet, there is no clear‐cut guidance on how genetic features can be incorporated into conservation‐planning processes, despite multiple molecular markers and several genetic metrics for each marker type to choose from. Genetic patterns differ between species, but the potential tradeoffs among genetic objectives for multiple species in conservation planning are currently understudied. We compared spatial conservation prioritizations derived from 2 metrics of genetic diversity (nucleotide and haplotype diversity) and 2 metrics of genetic isolation (private haplotypes and local genetic differentiation) in mitochondrial DNA of 5 marine species. We compared outcomes of conservation plans based only on habitat representation with plans based on genetic data and habitat representation. Fewer priority areas were selected for conservation plans based solely on habitat representation than on plans that included habitat and genetic data. All 4 genetic metrics selected approximately similar conservation‐priority areas, which is likely a result of prioritizing genetic patterns across a genetically diverse array of species. Largely, our results suggest that multispecies genetic conservation objectives are vital to creating protected‐area networks that appropriately preserve community‐level evolutionary patterns.     

基于Ti/SnO_2阳极氧化法的典型染料废水电化学氧化规律

采用Ti/SnO2电极间接阳极氧化法处理直接深棕M和活性艳蓝KNR模拟染料废水,研究电解质种类、pH、电压、NaCl投加量及电解时间对其降解效果的影响;在最佳组合条件下,通过分析UV-Vis光谱以及降解过程中氮元素的存在形式,研究上述2种染料的降解规律。结果表明,在pH为3,电压20 V,NaCl投加量为2.5 g/L的条件下,电解30 min后,直接深棕M和活性艳蓝KNR的脱色率分别达到80%和95%,60 min后直接深棕M的COD去除率可达75%,活性艳蓝KNR的COD去除率达到90%;电解60 min后,直接深棕M的偶氮双键完全破坏,萘环和苯环结构被逐步降解,活性艳蓝KNR溶液电解2 min,其分子结构中的蒽醌共轭体系被破坏,随反应的进行,蒽醌结构逐渐被破坏,染料逐步降解。     

The presence of females modulates the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual signal

Several environmental factors have been shown to shape the pattern of investment of carotenoids into the expression of sexual signals. Surprisingly, the impact of the social environment has been neglected. If a carotenoid-based sexual trait is used by females to choose a mate or by males to assess the quality of potential competitors for mates, males, in the presence of females, should upregulate expression of the trait. We tested this hypothesis in male zebra finches that were housed either with females or in a male-only social environment. Additionally, to investigate whether the social modulation of the expression of a sexual trait depends on the physiological need of carotenoids, we challenged half of the males with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the social environment modulated the expression of bill color, with males kept in the presence of females harboring a redder bill at the end of the 3 weeks that the experiment lasted. Males injected with LPS showed duller bill color regardless of the presence of females, and social interactions with females result in upregulated bill color similarly for phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS males. Thus, social environment and immune activation had an additive effect on the expression of bill color. The effect of social environment on plasma carotenoids was less clear. Indeed, a first replicate of the entire experiment showed that both immune challenge and social context affected bill color, with a negative effect of immune challenge and a positive effect of the presence of females on circulating carotenoids. However, a second replicate of the experiment showed only a negative effect of the immune challenge. These results, therefore, suggest that the social environment can affect the expression of carotenoid-based sexual traits under both benign and carotenoid-demanding conditions. Whatever the signaling function of bill color (female mate choice or male–male competition for mates), the observed flexibility may be adaptive because the expression of the signal can be modulated depending on the expected rewards or costs associated with the presence or absence of females. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such an effect are still unknown.     

不同接种量的微生物秸秆腐熟剂对蔬菜副产物堆肥效果的影响

为了明确不同接种量的微生物秸秆腐熟剂对蔬菜副产物堆肥效果的影响,以玉米秸秆为调理剂,在调节初始物料含水率为63%和 C/N 为 28 的条件下,设置了 B1(堆肥混合物+1%秸秆腐熟剂)、B2(堆肥混合物+3%秸秆腐熟剂)、B3(堆肥混合物+5%秸秆腐熟剂) 和 CK(堆肥混合物+3%灭菌惰性载体)4个处理,测定不同堆肥处理对温度、含水率、碳氮比(C/N)、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素、总养分含量、发芽指数等指标的影响.结果表明,蔬菜副产物堆肥接种微生物秸秆腐熟剂均能够使堆肥周期缩短,有效降低堆肥含水率,提高有机质的降解幅度,并且使堆肥中半纤维素、纤维素、木质素降解率分别提高1.03%、1.16%和1.47%;氮磷钾养分含量也比不接种处理平均提高0.48%.4 个处理的总体堆肥效果表现为:B2> B1> B3> CK.     

连云港市水环境整治规划研究

本文在“控源导流”思想的指导下,根据连云港市水环境污染现状,提出了连云港市水环境整治规划方案,它包括蔷薇河水源保护工程、新沂河污水资源化生态工程、市区（新海地区）污水治理工程、石梁河水库水源保护工程和四县城区污水治理工程五大工程,试图根治连云港市水污染。     

天然水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)的光解作用

本文通过实验室模拟,测定了阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)的光化学降解速度。研究了光源强度、溶液pH和氧化剂浓度等因素的影响。在阳光照射下,江水中DBS的降解速度常数KT=0.079±0.03d-1,半寿命T1/2=9(6—14)d。     

Survey of Columnar Cacti and Carrying Capacity for Nectar-Feeding Bats on Curaçao

We estimated the population sizes of the three species of columnar cacti that grow on the island of Curaçao using ground and aerial transects, and we examined the island's carrying capacity for two species of nectar-feeding bats that depend on nectar from the flowers of these cacti. We calculated carrying capacity based on the daily availability of mature flowers between January and December 1993 and the field energy requirements of bats as estimated from an equation for eutherian mammals (low estimate) and one for passerine birds (high estimate) based on body mass. Additional energy requirements of pregnancy and lactation were taken into account. We estimated that 461,172 columnar cacti were present on Curaçao (38% Subpilocereus repandus , 51% Stenocereus griseus , and 11% Pilosocereus lanuginosus ). May through September are the critical months when bats rely most heavily on cactus for food. July 1993 was a bottleneck with the smallest number of mature flowers per day. July and August were months of greatest energy demand because females were lactating. We estimate that the carrying capacity for Glossophaga longirostris in July, when the bat ( Leptonycteris curasoae ) population was 900, was near 1200, an estimate that fits the observed population size of nectar-feeding bats on the island. We suggest that the extensive removal of native vegetation occurring on Curaçao be strictly regulated because further destruction of the cacti will result in a decrease and potential loss of the already low populations of nectar-feeding bats.     

Hotspots analysis and perspectives of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) in environment and energy in recent 20 years by CiteSpace

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), a type of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have attracted much attention because of their large specific surface...