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141.
Biomonitoring aquatic environmental quality in a marine protected area: a biomarker approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main aims of the present study, conducted in the framework of the MONIQUA-Egadi Scientific Project, were twofold: first, to make the first step in the development and validation of an ecotoxicological approach for the assessment of marine pollution in coastal environments on the basis of a set of biomarker responses in new sentinel species; and second, to obtain preliminary information on environmental quality in an Italian marine protected area, the Egadi Islands (Sicily). Several cytochrome P450-dependent mixed-function oxidase activities were measured in the following sentinel species: rainbow wrasse Coris julis, gastropod limpet Patella caerulea, and sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The results suggest that specimens from the Favignana Harbor may be exposed to P450 inducers, whereas most of the other sites seem to share similar environmental quality. The proposed approach has potential for assessment of environmental quality in marine protected areas. 相似文献
142.
Marinari S Calfapietra C De Angelis P Mugnozza GS Grego S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(3):507-515
The experiment was carried out on a short rotation coppice culture of poplars (POP-EUROFACE, Central Italy), growing in a free air carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere (FACE). The specific objective of this work was to study whether elevated CO(2) and fertilization (two CO(2) treatments, elevated CO(2) and control, two N fertilization treatments, fertilized and unfertilized), as well as the interaction between treatments caused an unbalanced nutritional status of leaves in three poplar species (P. x euramericana, P. nigra and P. alba). Finally, we discuss the ecological implications of a possible change in foliar nutrients concentration. CO(2) enrichment reduced foliar nitrogen and increased the concentration of magnesium; whereas nitrogen fertilization had opposite effects on leaf nitrogen and magnesium concentrations. Moreover, the interaction between elevated CO(2) and N fertilization amplified some element unbalances such as the K/N-ratio. 相似文献
143.
Iannotta N Noce ME Ripa V Scalercio S Vizzarri V 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(7):789-793
Within the framework of research concerning the application of techniques alternative to chemical pesticides for control of parasites, the C.R.A. Experimental Institute for Olive Growing for many years has been performing a large investigation in order to detect sources of genetic resistance in olive germplasm. In the present study we observed the behavior related to the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) infestation and Camarosporium dalmaticum infection of ten olive cultivars farmed under the same agronomic and climatic conditions in Calabria, Southern Italy. The sampling and the data collecting were carried out in three different ripening times.The drupe amount of oleuropein and cyanidine was detected by laboratory analyses in order to verify a possible correlation between these molecules and the level of infestation/infection of the above-mentioned parasites. The obtained data were submitted to analysis of variance. In relation to the fungal infection the results displayed that cvs Tonda nera dolce showed the lowest susceptibility, while the cv Giarraffa turned out to be the most susceptible. The less susceptible cultivars to the phytophagous were Tonda nera dolce and Bhardi Tirana. Since the less susceptible cultivar to olive fly attacks are the same observed in relation to the susceptibility to olive fruit rot, it is suggested a relation between the olive fly infestation and the fungal infection. It suggests the utility to achieve these results both to transfer directly to the farmers' world and to emphasize ecosystem health and biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
144.
Tsunami Survey Expedition: Preliminary Investigation of Maldivian Coral Reefs Two Weeks After the Event 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
On December 26th 2004, a earthquake west of Sumatra generated a devastating tsunami. Hundreds of thousands of people fell
victim. Economic losses were greatest in those countries dependant on tourism. The impact in the Maldives on persons and things
was modest. Immediately following the event and notwithstanding the lack of scientific data, the mass media gave catastrophic
reports on the state of coral reefs in the area. This paper reports on the first survey on coral reefs in the Maldives after
the Tsunami. Ocean walls, passes, inner reefs, and shoals in the North and South Malé atolls, were surveyed two weeks after
the event. Significant damage was recorded in the passes in the South Malé atoll. Our observations showed that the damage
was more or less extensive depending on latitude and topography. Sri Lanka may have broken the wave’s rush, reducing the extent
of the impact on northern atolls. The water’s acceleration inside the passes was so intense as to cause reef collapses. The
observed damage represents a minimum fraction of the entire coral reef system. Tourist perception of the area seems unchanged.
These data may be used to disseminate correct information about the state of Maldives coral reefs, which would be useful in
relaunching local economy. 相似文献
145.
The suitability of a set of ecophysiological parameters, to be used as early warning indicator to detect signs of a worsening environment around geothermal power plants, was tested by comparison with the diversity of epiphytic lichens, a well-established indicator of geothermal air pollution. Samples of the lichen Evernia prunastri were transplanted around a geothermal power plant at Larderello (Tuscany, Italy) and at a control site, and integrity of cell membranes, concentration of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, chlorophyll integrity and variations in pH of thalli were measured. The results showed that cell membrane damage, expressed by changes in electrical conductivity, could be used to detect early (exposure periods as short as 1 month) deleterious effects of geothermal air pollution. 相似文献
146.
Pasquale Iovino Silvana Canzano Vincenzo Leone Chiara Berto Stefano Salvestrini Sante Capasso 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13169-13174
PM10 levels have been recorded in the suburban area of Caserta (Italy) from February to October 2012. The daily limit was exceeded in 13 % of the determinations, with no significant difference between weekdays and weekends. Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations were in the range 0.01–0.46 ng/m3, thus, never exceeding the National Standard. The B(a)P-eq was 0.20 ng/m3. PM10 peaks were associated with wind from east–northeast. The same was observed for Ca concentrations, whereas no relation with wind direction was observed for organic pollutants. The results point to a local limestone quarry and cement factory as the likely major source of PM10 pollution in the area investigated. 相似文献
147.
Nuria Burgos Daniel Tolaguera Stefano Fiori Alfonso Jiménez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2014,22(2):227-235
The use of fully bio-based and biodegradable materials for massive applications, such as food packaging, is an emerging tendency in polymer research. But the formulations proposed in this way should preserve or even increase the functional properties of conventional polymers, such as transparency, homogeneity, mechanical properties and low migration of their components to foodstuff. This is not always trivial, in particular when brittle biopolymers, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), are considered. In this work the formulation of innovative materials based on PLA modified with highly compatible plasticizers, i.e. oligomers of lactic acid (OLAs) is proposed. Three different synthesis conditions for OLAs were tested and the resulting additives were further blended with commercial PLA obtaining transparent and ductile materials, able for films manufacturing. These materials were tested in their structural, thermal and tensile properties and the best formulation among the three materials was selected. OLA with molar mass (Mn) around 1,000 Da is proposed as an innovative and fully compatible and biodegradable plasticizer for PLA, able to replace conventional plasticizers (phthalates, adipates or citrates) currently used for films manufacturing in food packaging applications. 相似文献
148.
Andrea Massari Marta Beggio Sandro Hreglich Riccardo Marin Stefano Zuin 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1897-1907
In order to assess the potential impacts posed by products containing engineered nanoparticles, it is essential to generate more data about the release of these particles from products’ life cycle. Although first studies were performed to investigate the release of nanoparticles from use phase, very few data are available on the potential release from recycling or disposal of nano-enhanced products.In this work, we investigated the behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles from incineration of solid paint waste containing these particles. Solid paint debris with and without TiO2 nanoparticles were treated in a lab scale incineration plant at 950 °C (combustion temperature) and in oxidizing atmosphere. The obtained ashes were also vitrified with additives and the release of Ti was finally evaluated by leaching test. From our incineration lab-scale experiment, we did not observe a release of TiO2 nanoparticles into the atmosphere, and Ti was attached to the surface of obtained solid residues (i.e. ashes). The characterization of ashes showed that TiO2 nanoparticles reacted during the incineration to give calcium titanate. Finally, a very low release of Ti was measured, less 1 mg/kg, during the leaching test of ashes vitrified with glass cullet and feldspathic inert. Our work suggests that TiO2 nanoparticles added in paints may undergo to physicochemical transformation during the incineration, and that Ti found in ashes may be strongly immobilized in glass matrix. Since this conclusion is based on lab-scale experiment, further research is required to identify which nanoparticles will be emitted to the environment from a real-word-incineration system of household hazardous waste. 相似文献
149.
Leonardo Marotta Luigi Ceccaroni Gabriele Matteucci Paolo Rossini Stefano Guerzoni 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(3):393-405
This paper describes a decision-support system based on landscape ecology and focused on the study of ecosystems’ health.
System capabilities are illustrated with three cases of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), in the Adriatic Sea (Italy):
the lagoon of Venice and the Rimini and Ancona coastal areas. Indicators and indices are developed with a focus on sub-regional
and local problems in coastal management, with a multi-scale approach based on landscape and seascape ecology. Land-use changes
of the coastal areas were detected by analyzing two sets of satellite images. Indices combining satellite imagery, socio-economic
and environmental indicators, and landscape and seascape maps were created, showing ecological changes, habitat loss and gaps
in conservation policy. The approach used provides means for the identification of conflicts and for the assessment of sustainability.
Results show that the lagoon of Venice plays an important role in mitigating and compensating the impacts of human activities,
and needs to be protected and restored. The Rimini area shows high ecological footprint and development-intensity and low
biocapacity. The Ancona area needs the protection of its natural coastal space from potential sources of anthropogenic impacts
to maintain its sustainability. A model of environment changes is critical for formulating effective environmental policies
and management strategies. The developed decision-support system provides a suitability map per each area analyzed, which
can be used in order to maximize different policy objectives and reduce coastal conflicts. 相似文献
150.
Aurélia Leguet Marc Gibernau Laetitia Shintu Stefano Caldarelli Sandrine Moja Sylvie Baudino Jean-Claude Caissard 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(8):623-635
Staining and histochemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed at different inflorescence developmental stages on nine aroid species; one temperate, Arum italicum and eight tropical from the genera Caladium, Dieffenbachia and Philodendron. Moreover, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs constituting the scent of A. italicum, depending on the stage of development of inflorescences was also conducted. In all nine species, vesicles were observed in the conical cells of either the appendix or the stamens (thecae) and the staminodes. VOCs were localised in intracellular vesicles from the early stages of inflorescence development until their release during receptivity of gynoecium. This localisation was observed by the increase of both number and diameter of the vesicles during 1 week before receptivity. Afterwards, vesicles were fewer and smaller but rarely absent. In A. italicum, staining and gas chromatography analyses confirmed that the vesicles contained terpenes. The quantitatively most important ones were the sesquiterpenes, but monoterpenes were not negligible. Indeed, the quantities of terpenes matched the vesicles’ size evolution during 1 week. Furthermore, VOCs from different biosynthetic pathways (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) were at their maximum quantity 2 days before gynoecium receptivity (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) or during receptivity (isobutylamine, monoterpenes, skatole and p-cresol). VOCs seemed to be emitted during gynoecium receptivity and/or during thermogenesis, and FADs are accumulated after thermogenesis in the spadix. These complex dynamics of the different VOCs could indicate specialisation of some VOCs and cell machinery to attract pollinators on the one hand and to repulse/protect against phytophagous organisms and pathogens after pollination on the other hand. 相似文献