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131.
Preparation of activated carbons from heavy-oil fly ashes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Caramuscio P De Stefano L Seggiani M Vitolo S Narducci P 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2003,23(4):345-351
The use of heavy oil fly ash with high ash content (45 wt.%) as a precursor for the preparation of activated carbons has been investigated. The raw fly ash and the fly ash with lower ash content, obtained by a HCl/HF washing treatment, have been pyrolyzed at 900 degrees C and then activated with CO(2) in the temperature range of 800-900 degrees C for different times. The activated carbons have been characterised as regards the surface area and the pore volume. The evolution of the porosity has been related to the burn-off degree. 相似文献
132.
Environmental distribution of uranium and other trace elements at selected Kosovo sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports the results of a study using lichens as biomonitors to investigate the environmental distribution of uranium and other trace elements at selected Kosovo sites. The results suggested that the use of depleted uranium (DU) ammunitions in Kosovo did not cause a diffuse environmental contamination in such a way to have caused a detectable U enrichment in lichens. Also isotopic (235)U/(238)U measurements did not indicate the presence of DU particles in lichens. The present results also provided no indication of intense environmental contamination by the other trace elements analyzed, with the exception of Kosovska Mitrovica, where a diffuse environmental contamination by several heavy elements such as Pb, Zn, As and Cd was found. 相似文献
133.
Stefano Raccanelli Vladimiro Bonamin Pietro Tundo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(3):125-129
Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima
Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities
based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry
land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and
the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a
level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades. 相似文献
134.
Environmental Security: A Geographic Information System Analysis Approach—The Case of Kenya 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Studies into the relationships between environmental factors and violence or conflicts constitute a very debated research
field called environmental security. Several authors think that environmental scarcity, which is scarcity of renewable resources,
can contribute to generate violence or social unrest, particularly within states scarcely endowed with technical know-how
and social structures, such as developing countries. In this work, we referred to the theoretical model developed by the Environmental
Change and Acute Conflict Project. Our goal was to use easily available spatial databases to map the various sources of environmental
scarcity through geographic information systems, in order to locate the areas apparently most at risk of suffering negative
social effects and their consequences in terms of internal security. The analysis was carried out at a subnational level and
applied to the case of Kenya. A first phase of the work included a careful selection of databases relative to renewable resources.
Spatial operations among these data allowed us to obtain new information on the availability of renewable resources (cropland,
forests, water), on the present and foreseen demographic pressure, as well as on the social and technical ingenuity. The results
made it possible to identify areas suffering from scarcity of one or more renewable resources, indicating different levels
of gravity. Accounts from Kenya seem to confirm our results, reporting clashes between tribal groups over the access to scarce
resources in areas that our work showed to be at high risk. 相似文献
135.
Consonni S Giugliano M Massarutto A Ragazzi M Saccani C 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(9-10):2057-2065
This paper describes the context, the basic assumptions and the main findings of a joint research project aimed at identifying the optimal breakdown between material recovery and energy recovery from municipal solid waste (MSW) in the framework of integrated waste management systems (IWMS). The project was carried out from 2007 to 2009 by five research groups at Politecnico di Milano, the Universities of Bologna and Trento, and the Bocconi University (Milan), with funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). Since the optimization of IWMSs by analytical methods is practically impossible, the search for the most attractive strategy was carried out by comparing a number of relevant recovery paths from the point of view of mass and energy flows, technological features, environmental impact and economics. The main focus has been on mature processes applicable to MSW in Italy and Europe. Results show that, contrary to a rather widespread opinion, increasing the source separation level (SSL) has a very marginal effects on energy efficiency. What does generate very significant variations in energy efficiency is scale, i.e. the size of the waste-to-energy (WTE) plant. The mere value of SSL is inadequate to qualify the recovery system. The energy and environmental outcome of recovery depends not only on "how much" source separation is carried out, but rather on "how" a given SSL is reached. 相似文献
136.
Penha-Lopes G Torres P Cannicci S Narciso L Paula J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):636-645
Tropical coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, have a great ecological and socioeconomic importance for adjacent systems and local populations, but intensive environmental impact monitoring is still lacking, mainly in East Africa. This study evaluated the potential anthropogenic disturbance on Palaemon concinnus population structure and fitness. Palaemon concinnus populations from one peri-urban (domestic sewage impacted) and two pristine mangrove creeks were studied by sampling nearly 100 shrimps per location every 15 days for 12 months. The shrimps at the peri-urban location were larger, experienced longer reproductive periods, presented higher proportion of ovigerous females and better embryo quality when compared with shrimps inhabiting pristine locations. Physiological indices (RNA/DNA ratio) were similar between shrimps at pristine and peri-urban mangroves. However, a higher level of parasitation by a Bopyridae isopod, Pseudione elongata indicated some degree of stress on the host at the peri-urban mangrove, with potential effects on the host population dynamics. 相似文献
137.
Cinzia De Vittor Federica Relitti Martina Kralj Stefano Covelli Andrea Emili 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(13):12566-12581
In the shallow environment, the nutrient and carbon exchanges at the sediment–water interface contribute significantly to determine the trophic status of the whole water column. The intensity of the allochthonous input in a coastal environment subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures determines an increase in the benthic oxygen demand leading to depressed oxygen levels in the bottom waters. Anoxic conditions resulting from organic enrichment can enhance the exchange of nutrients between sediments and the overlying water. In the present study, carbon and nutrient fluxes at the sediment–water interface were measured at two experimental sites, one highly and one moderately contaminated, as reference point. In situ benthic flux measurements of dissolved species (O2, DIC, DOC, N-NO3 ?, N-NO2 ?, N-NH4 +, P-PO4 3?, Si-Si(OH)4, H2S) were conducted using benthic chambers. Furthermore, undisturbed sediment cores were collected for analyses of total and organic C, total N, and biopolymeric carbon (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) as well as of dissolved species in porewaters and supernatant in order to calculate the diffusive fluxes. The sediments were characterized by suboxic to anoxic conditions with redox values more negative in the highly contaminated site, which was also characterized by higher biopolymeric carbon content (most of all lipids), lower C/N ratios and generally higher diffusive fluxes, which could result in a higher release of contaminants. A great difference was observed between diffusive and in situ benthic fluxes suggesting the enhancing of fluxes by bioturbation and the occurrence of biogeochemically important processes at the sediment–water interface. The multi-contamination of both inorganic and organic pollutants, in the sediments of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (declared SIN in 1998), potentially transferable to the water column and to the aquatic trophic chain, is of serious concern for its ecological relevance, also considering the widespread fishing and mussel farming activities in the area. 相似文献
138.
139.
Manoj Menon Svetla Rousseva Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis Pauline van Gaans Panos Panagos Danielle Maia de Souza Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir Georg J. Lair Liping Weng Jaap Bloem Pavel Kram Martin Novak Brynhildur Davidsdottir Gudrun Gisladottir David A. Robinson Brian Reynolds Tim White Lars Lundin Bin Zhang Christopher Duffy Stefano M. Bernasconi Peter de Ruiter Winfried E. H. Blum Steven A. Banwart 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3191-3195
Soil is a complex natural resource that is considered non-renewable in policy frameworks, and it plays a key role in maintaining a variety of ecosystem services (ES) and life-sustaining material cycles within the Earth's Critical Zone (CZ). However, currently, the ability of soil to deliver these services is being drastically reduced in many locations, and global loss of soil ecosystem services is estimated to increase each year as a result of many different threats, such as erosion and soil carbon loss. The European Union Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection alerts policy makers of the need to protect soil and proposes measures to mitigate soil degradation. In this context, the European Commission-funded research project on Soil Transformations in European Catchments (SoilTrEC) aims to quantify the processes that deliver soil ecosystem services in the Earth's Critical Zone and to quantify the impacts of environmental change on key soil functions. This is achieved by integrating the research results into decision-support tools and applying methods of economic valuation to soil ecosystem services. In this paper, we provide an overview of the SoilTrEC project, its organization, partnerships and implementation. 相似文献
140.
Adriano Sofo Antonio Scopa Stefano Dumontet Angelo Mazzatura Vincenzo Pasquale 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):653-659
The effect of four triazinyl-sulfonylurea herbicides (cinosulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, triasulfuron) on soil microbial biomass, soil respiration, metabolic activity, metabolic quotient, and some enzymatic activities (acid and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) were monitored under controlled conditions over 30 days. The herbicides were applied at the normal field dose (FD) and at ten-fold (10 FD) the field dose, in order to mimic a long term toxic effect. The measured soil microbial parameters showed that the FD had slight effects on soil microflora, while at 10 FD the tested herbicides exerted a stronger detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass and its biochemical activities. 相似文献