Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

应用加载磁絮凝技术处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水。本研究采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并讨论了适宜的磁载体、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量。     

中国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置行业二（口恶）排放水平研究

通过调研全国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施,对包含二噁英排放水平的设施按处置对象、炉型和处理量分类,并作系统分析和研究.结果表明现有危险废物焚烧设施烟气中二噁英的浓度比医疗废物低,达标率为74.19%;危险废物选用回转窑处置效果较好,达标率为66.67%;而医疗废物选用回转窑或热解炉,要综合考虑处置规模、生产成本和二英排放总量等因素;危险废物介于10~30 t·d-1和医疗废物介于10~20 t·d-1的处置设施要尤其注意二噁英的排放问题;医疗废物焚烧飞灰中二噁英的均值浓度为危险废物6倍以上,仅有16.67%满足填埋要求.二者烟气中二英的浓度分布以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、2,3,7,8-TCDF和OCDD为主.     

利用SPAMS研究华北乡村站点(曲周)夏季大气单颗粒物老化与混合状态

利用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱(SPAMS)于2013年6月30日~7月8日对华北地区乡村站点曲周大气单颗粒粒径及其化学组成进行了在线测量,共采集到同时含有正负离子谱图的颗粒230 152个,其粒径主要集中在0.2~2.0μm.结果表明,该地区的大气颗粒物主要分为8类:元素碳(EC,55.5%)、有机碳(OC,10.7%)、钠,钾等碱金属颗粒(alkalis,17.4%)、其他金属颗粒(other metals,1.7%)、富铁颗粒(Fe-rich,6.3%)、富铅颗粒物(Pb-rich,3.1%)、沙尘颗粒(dust,4.8%),other颗粒(0.8%),观测得到的8类气溶胶颗粒中绝大部分包含46NO-2、62NO-3、80SO-3、96SO-4、97HSO-4等二次组分离子,说明这些颗粒都经历了不同的老化过程或与二次组分进行了不同程度的混合.从气溶胶类型的谱分布看,各类型颗粒数浓度峰值基本出现在700~800 nm之间,dust、Fe颗粒主要集中在粗粒径段,EC颗粒子类研究表明随着表面不断吸附NH+4、NO-3、SO2-4等二次组分,EC颗粒逐步演化成老化程度较低的NO-3吸附型EC(ECN)和严重老化的SO2-4吸附型EC(ECS)混合态,两者日变化呈现明显的负相关性,也可能随着二次有机物在EC表面吸附,形成OC/EC混合态.     

废旧锌锰电池生物淋滤-水热法制备纳米锰锌铁氧体

以氧化硫硫杆菌(A.thiooxidans)和氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌(L.ferrooxidans)为混合淋滤菌株对废旧锌锰电池进行了生物浸提,并以获取的淋滤液为前驱体,采用水热法制备出系列锰锌铁氧体软磁材料(Mn_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4,x=0.2~0.8);结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEMEDX)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)等表征手段对制备材料的结构、形貌、磁学性能和稳定性进行分析.结果表明,在5%固液比(质量体积比,5 g/100 mL,以下均表述为"5%固液比")下,经过5 d的外源酸调控生物浸提,分别获得了84.5%、63.2%的Zn、Mn浸出效率;当Zn∶Mn∶Fe=0.4∶0.6∶2.0(物质的量比,即x=0.4)时,制备的纳米级Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4性能最优,属纯相的立方尖晶石结构,颗粒分布均匀,饱和磁化强度(M_s)、剩余磁化强度(M_r)和矫顽力(H_c)分别为68.9 emu·g~(-1)、4.7 emu·g~(-1)和53.6 Oe,具有热稳定性和耐酸碱性,有望成为一种新型的水处理磁性材料.     

Effect of two major N-nitroso hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) metabolites on earthworm reproductive success

Soil and topical tests were employed to investigate the effect of two N-nitroso metabolites of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) on earthworm reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for cocoon production and hatching was 50mg/kg for both hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in soil. MNX and TNX also significantly affected cocoon hatching in soil (p<0.001) and in topical tests (p=0.001). The LOECs for cocoon hatching were 1 and 10mg/kg for MNX and TNX in soil, respectively, and 10mg/L in the topical test. Greater than 100mg/kg MNX and TNX completely inhibited cocoon hatching. In soil, the EC20 values for MNX were 8.7 and 8.8mg/kg for cocoon and juvenile production, respectively, compared to 9.2 and 9.1mg/kg for TNX, respectively. The EC20 values for the total number of cocoon hatchlings were 3.1 and 4.7mg/kg for MNX and TNX, respectively, in soil and 4.5 and 3.1mg/L in the topical test. Both MNX and TNX inhibited cocoon production and hatching, suggesting that they may have a negative affect on soil ecosystems at contaminated sites.     

Assessment of sediment contamination in Casco Bay, Maine, USA

The current status of contaminant concentrations in Casco Bay, decadal trends of these contaminants and changes in their geographical distribution are assessed using sediment samples collected approximately 10 years apart. In general, regulated contaminants appeared to be decreasing in concentration. Total PAH and dioxins/furans concentrations did not significantly change over this period. Total organochlorine pesticides, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD, total DDT, PCB, tributyltin and total butyltin decreased in concentration. Trace element concentrations in sediments decreased at the majority of the sampling sites for chromium, nickel, and selenium while arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc remained relatively constant. None of the contaminants measured has increased by more than a factor of 2. Selected sites located in the Inner Bay, where concentrations are higher and new inputs were more likely, showed increased concentrations of contaminants. Most contaminants were not found at concentrations expected to adversely affect sediment biota based on ERL/ERM guidelines.     

CO2捕集回收技术研究

主要介绍了常用的胺化合物吸收法、钙基吸收剂法、金属氧化物法等CO2捕集回收技术的最新研究进展及存在的问题,综合对比了各种方法的优缺点:胺化合物吸收法吸收速率快,但再生能耗较高,因此开发"高效低耗"的复合吸收剂成为研究的重点;钙基吸收剂法在高温环境下对CO2的吸收有较好的效果,但吸收剂的碳酸化转化率及热稳定性是有待解决的关键问题;金属氧化物法具有高的CO2吸收效率,但成本较高.在此基础上,探索了CO2捕集回收技术改进工艺,提出改善吸收剂性能、开发高效低耗的CO2选择性吸收剂将成为今后CO2捕集回收技术的研究方向.     

20世纪重大自然灾害评析

人类在科学技术上取得了辉煌成绩的同时,在认识自然和改造自然方面也得到了才识和新的认识,这一教训主要是来自自然灾害。根据收集到的全球自然灾害有关数据,对２０世纪全球主要自然灾害特征分布特点进行了分析,并对其成因提出了看法。