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311.
Stuart A. Manktelow MSc MIM CEng John G. Paterson MSc PhD PEng John A. Meech MSc PhD PEng 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1984,6(1):5-9
The removal of copper and cyanide from aqueous solution by activated carbon has been investigated. Using a coal-based activated carbon, initial concentrations of 244 to 2441 mg/litre total cyanide combined with 61 to 610 mg/litre copper were reduced to a minimum of 3.6 mg/litre total cyanide and 0.6 mg/litre copper in the presence of a fixed initial quantity of air.Cyanide removal was, found to be augmented by the presence of copper in solution, and by the supply of additional air.It is suggested that cyanide removal is accomplished by catalytic oxidation on the carbon surfaces, and that additional cyanide is removed in the presence of copper by adsorption of cyano-cuprate complexes onto the activated carbon. 相似文献
312.
Stuart Mestelman 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1982,9(2):186-193
Several recent attempts have been made to demonstrate that corrective subsidies and taxes do not have symmetric allocation effects. These demonstrations have utilized graphical partial equilibrium analysis. In this paper a general equilibrium model is introduced to show that a standard partial equilibrium result may be incorrect and that subsidies may lead to equilibrium states which are socially preferred to the status quo position. 相似文献
313.
314.
Stuart Oliver 《Environmental management》1993,17(4):433-444
The geology, relief, neotectonics, climate, and vegetation of Basilicata make the region vulnerable to landslides, but the
number of reported landslides in the region has increased over recent centuries, and this has been interpreted as a result
of changes in land use. This interpretation is confirmed by documentary evidence presented in this article (concentrating
on the example of the town of Grassano, where urban landslides are an almost exclusively 20th-century phenomenon), which shows
the increase in landslides to have been real, rapid, and caused by humankind. 相似文献
315.
Michael Martin Linda Cox Stuart Nakamoto John Halloran 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(1):35-39
ABSTRACT: Accurately estimating the price elasticity of demand for irrigation electricity is important to major electricity suppliers such as the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) of the Pacific Northwest. The BPA has a revenue maximization objective, and the elasticity of demand is central to its rate setting process. Several studies have attempted to estimate demand for irrigation electricity, but none has explicitly included federal agricultural policy and program variables. Tins paper discusses how agricultural programs may influence farmers irrigation decisions and thus their demand for irrigation electricity. It suggests that existing programs serve to make farmers more responsive to electricity rate increases than would otherwise be the case. Thus, studies that fail to include them may underestimate the responsiveness of farmers to electricity rate increases. 相似文献
316.
Stuart G. Fisher 《Environmental management》1990,14(5):725-736
The concept of succession has a distinguished history in general ecology and has been applied to stream ecosystems with some
success. Succession in streams is largely secondary, follows initial floristics models, and occurs through a variety of mechanisms.
The process is moderately predictable but is highly influenced by “climatic” factors, particularly nutrient chemistry. In
desert streams, succession does not result in a climax state. While evidence is slim, succession may not be a significant
process in streams of certain types or in certain regions.
Successional theory is difficult to apply in spatially heterogeneous, hierarchically organized ecosystems. It also suffers
in being only one component of a better integrated concept, that of ecosystem stability, which deals more directly with disturbance
and ecosystem resistance in addition to resilience (which encompasses succession). Succession has so suffered from a half
century of confusion that a strong case can be made for abandoning the term, at least as it applies in streams, in favor of
the broader view provided by stability theory. 相似文献
317.
Lenwood W. Hall Dennis T. Burton Stuart L. Margrey 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(5):1365-1373
ABSTRACT: Chlorine-temperature interaction studies with various exposure times were conducted on 25–day old larval white perch, Morone Americana, using total residual chlorine (TRC) concentrations of 0.0, 0.15, and 0.30 mg/1 TRC in combination with ΔTs of 2, 6, and 10 C above a base temperature of 18 C. Larval fish were exposed to the chlorine-temperature test conditions for exposure periods of 0.08, 2.0 and 4.0 hours. After each respective exposure period, chlorine concentrations were decayed naturally over a 1.0 to 1.5 hour period to < 0.01 mg/1 TRC; temperatures were decayed over a 4 hour period to 2.0 C above the base temperature. These test conditions were used to simulate chlorine and temperature conditions encountered in power plant discharge canals and near field receiving streams. The interactions of chlorine, ΔT and exposure duration as factors which caused death up to 36 hours after the exposure periods were established by regression model techniques. An initial interaction model showed that ΔT was not a factor which contributed to death. A predictive model for chlorine and exposure duration was constructed which showed that potential impact to larval white perch from chlorine at power facilities with once through cooling systems can be minimized by 1) using short duration exposures (< 1 hour) to chlorine in plants that chlorinate intermittently or 2) by rapid mixing in the receiving stream in plants that chlorinate on a low level (< 0.05 mg/1) continuous basis. Similar considerations should be given to cooling tower blowdown which contain chlorinated water. 相似文献
318.
Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs) and Biota to Sediment Accumulation Factors (BSAFs) for PCBs in pike and eels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stuart J. Harrad David J. T. Smith 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1997,4(4):189-193
“Freely-dissolved” aqueous concentrations of 9 trichlorothrough heptachlorobiphenyls are reported, alongside those in sediments
and fish from the R. Severn. For most congeners, BSAFs and lipid-normalised BAFs for pike exceed those for eels. Whilst R.
Severn BSAFs are comparable with those for L. Ontario trout and New Bedford Harbour flounder, R. Severn BAFs are 1–2 orders
of magnitude lower. This discrepancy may be due to inter-species variability, as well as inter-laboratory differences between
operational definitions of “freely-dissolved” aqueous PCB, underlining that the same operational definition must be employed
if R. Severn BAFs are extrapolated elsewhere. For eels, correlation of Log Kow with Log BAF is better (R2 = 0.66) than with BSAF (R2 = 0.13), whilst similar correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.81 and 0.82) were observed for pike. When Log Kow is plotted against BSAF and Log BAF for both species combined, better correlation is observed for Log BAF (R2 = 0.65), than BSAF (R2 = 0.36). For both species combined, the observed relationship between Log BAF and Log Kow for trichloro-through heptachlorobiphenyls is: Log BAF = 0.96 * Log Kow −0.24. 相似文献
319.
Sarkar D Ferguson M Datta R Birnbaum S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,136(1):187-195
Two methods of biostimulation were compared in a laboratory incubation study with monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation in diesel-contaminated Tarpley clay soil with low carbon content. One method utilized rapid-release inorganic fertilizers rich in N and P, and the other used sterilized, slow-release biosolids, which added C in addition to N and P. After 8 weeks of incubation, both biostimulation methods degraded approximately 96% of TPH compared to MNA, which degraded 93.8%. However, in the first week of incubation, biosolids-amended soils showed a linear two orders of magnitude increase in microbial population compared to MNA, whereas, in the fertilizer-amended soils, only a one order of magnitude increase was noted. In the following weeks, microbial population in the fertilizer-amended soils dropped appreciably, suggesting a toxic effect owing to fertilizer-induced acidity and/or NH(3) overdosing. Results suggest that biosolids addition is a more effective soil amendment method for biostimulation than the commonly practiced inorganic fertilizer application, because of the abilities of biosolids to supplement carbon. No statistically significant difference was observed between the biostimulation methods and MNA, suggesting that MNA can be a viable remediation strategy in certain soils with high native microbial population. 相似文献
320.
Raina DS Parks NJ Li WW Gray RW Dattner SL 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(11):1733-1742
A novel methodology combining digital imaging, conventional fixed visibility monitors, and solar radiation monitors has been developed to characterize the visual air quality of the El Paso and Ciudad Juarez urban vista. The authors have found that the digital image quality is reproducible and useful for quantitative analysis of visibility conditions. Regions of interest were selected in images along view paths of interest and values for a contrast variable of interest, typically the coefficient of variation or contrast ratio (CR) for discrete targets, were computed. Both of these indices are bounded at 0 and 1 and are scaled to the "clean day" maxima for a given date, time, and selected view paths. This produces a relative visibility index for various view paths. With the siting of a Belfort (6230A) visibility monitor at a central location, it has been possible to initiate contrast analysis of various targets in current and archived camera images obtained near this monitor. For uniformly "clean" days, as indicated by fine particulate matter observations and visual inspection, the authors have been able to use the extinction coefficient (Bext) derived from the 6230A to put the relative visibility index, based on CR, on an absolute basis in terms of an ideal target located at a given distance. This permits the generation of contrast extinction, Bext/C, for each view path that is independent of the actual target intrinsic contrast (within limits) and allows the comparison of Bext/C along different view paths with other air quality indices. Multiple linear regression was used to derive a relationship between the CR-based Bext/C value and air quality parameters. Visibility attenuation because of sulfate particles was found to have the highest correlation with Bext/C. In addition, solar radiation was observed to be a significant predictor of visibility in the urban region. 相似文献