Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

典型西南工业城市柳州市核心区大气污染物时空分布与气象因素研究

为研究柳州市核心区大气污染物浓度时空变化规律与气象因素之间的关系,统计分析了2018年全年研究区内6个自动监测站点PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、O_3和CO的浓度监测数据和气象站气象数据,并对28次超标日污染物来源进行了解析.结果显示:①核心区颗粒污染物污染较为严重,且以PM_(2.5)为主的细颗粒污染物仍为柳州市主要的大气污染物;各污染物月均浓度季节差异显著,除NO_2外柳州大气污染物浓度下降明显,指示柳州市多项节能减排综合整治措施成效显著;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO受早晚高峰期影响,浓度日变化均呈双峰型;NO_2在不同季节峰型不同,作为O_3前体物其浓度日变化与O_3相反,呈现"早峰午谷"的变化趋势.②通过对污染物浓度插值发现,由于核心区主要工商业区位于西部且处于主导风向下风向,故PM_(2.5)和SO_2浓度西北高、东南低,PM_(10)、NO_2和CO浓度西南高、东北低;核心区东部的山区为O_3生成带来大量前体物,使O_3浓度东南高、西北低.③由于气候特征,核心区春、夏季主要气象因素均为降水量;秋季的主要气象因素是风速,风速与污染物的负相关关系表明了风的扩散效应;冬季大部分污染物与气象因素的相关性不显著,表明人为因素对污染物的影响大于气象因素;核心区大气污染物主要来源于局地排放和区域传输,且南北主导风向对大气污染影响最大.④HYSPLIT模型结果指示柳州超标日大气污染物主要来自于珠三角地区,且陆源颗粒物浓度普遍比海洋源高,来自南部的远距离输送气流颗粒物含量最低,表明远距离输送为影响颗粒物传播的主要原因.     

有无隔膜槽中成对电解脱色活性艳蓝性能比较

分别采用有/无隔膜电解槽,以活性炭纤维(ACF)为阳极和阴极,研究了不同电流密度下蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的电化学脱色。在染料脱除量、电耗、脱除当量等方面比较了两种电解槽的脱色性能。结果表明,1.0～1.5 mA/cm2时,两种电解槽中均发生阳极电氧化和阴极电还原同时进行的成对电解脱色,无隔膜槽脱色性能优于隔膜槽。     

冰中和水中四环素光降解动力学及其影响因素的比较

冰雪是一类重要且普遍的环境介质,而冰雪环境光化学是一门新兴的学科.在相同光照条件下比较冰中和水中有机污染物的光化学行为,有助于揭示冰雪光化学与水环境光化学之间的异同.本文以四环素（TC）为模型化合物,比较了模拟日光（λ>290 nm）照射下不同水体冰相和水相中TC的光降解动力学,研究了不同相中溶解性物质（腐殖酸（HA）、Cl^-、NO₃^-和Fe（III））对光降解的影响及作用机制,以揭示冰雪环境光化学和水环境光化学的异同.结果表明,冰中和水中TC光解遵循准一级反应动力学,纯水冰中表观光解量子产率为4.76×10^-3,高于纯水中表观光解量子产率（3.85×10^-3）.在不同水体中,冰相TC的光解快慢顺序为海水冰中 > 淡水冰中 > 纯水冰中,而在水相中光解快慢顺序与冰相不同,为淡水中 > 海水中 > 纯水中.通过考察主要溶解性物质对冰/水中TC光降解动力学的影响发现,无论是在冰相还是水相,Cl^-、HA、NO₃^-和Fe（III）均加快了TC的光降解,且促进作用随浓度的升高而增强.但在水相与冰相中每个因素促进的程度却存在差异,相对于水环境,冰中HA、NO₃^-、Fe（III）敏化作用较大,对TC光降解的促进作用较强;而冰中Cl^-对TC光解的促进作用较水相中弱.这些溶解性物质对TC光解的促进作用能够解释海水冰、淡水冰与海水、淡水中TC相对于纯水冰相/水相具有较强的光降解能力.进一步地,将实验数据外推到实际环境,在35°~50°N地区的仲冬季,冰雪表面和水体表层TC光化学降解的半减期分别为15.4~38.9 min和19.0~48.0 min,其不仅依赖于光解发生的纬度与季节,还受到反应基质（冰/水）的影响.以上结果揭示了冰中和水中TC光化学转化行为的异同,这对于准确评价寒冷环境中此类新型污染物的归趋具有重要意义.     

Acceleration of floc-water separation and floc reduction with magnetic nanoparticles during demulsification of complex waste cutting emulsions

Waste cutting emulsions are difficult to treat efficiently owing to their complex composition and stable emulsified structure.As an important treatment method for emulsions,chemical demulsification is faced with challenges such as low flocs-water separation rates and high sludge production.Hence,in this study,Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)were used to enhance chemical demulsification performance for treating waste cutting emulsions under a magnetic field.The addition of...     

Development of a static test apparatus for evaluating the performance of three PM2.5 separators commonly used in China

PM_(2.5) separator directly affects the accuracy of PM_(2.5) sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM_(2.5) separator is particularly important,especially under China's wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM_(2.5) separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R~2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within ± 1.0% in the range of -40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112) were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50% cutoff sizes(D_(50)) of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44 μm when worked at the manufacturer's recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD) of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD = 1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD = 1.2 ± 0.1) with a GSD = 1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D_(50),while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test.     

复合式静电除尘器脱除电厂排放PM2.5研究

控制燃煤电厂的小颗粒PM2.5排放是控制大气可吸人颗粒物污染的重要途径之一.传统静电除尘器对亚微米级颗粒脱除效率较低,为提高脱除效率,建立了一种脉冲预荷电直流收尘的复合式除尘系统,采用较低能耗的高压窄脉冲放电对颗粒物预荷电,大大提高了亚微米级颗粒的荷电量.结合传统的直流静电除尘器可以大幅提高对亚微米级颗粒的脱除效率,对小于1μm的颗粒脱除效率可以达到90%以上.并分析了脉冲荷电的电源形式和电压等因素对脱除效率的影响,为改造传统静电除尘器提供了理论支持.     

两种表面活性剂对剩余污泥产酸影响的比较研究

在批式反应器中研究了常温下2种(两性和阳离子)表面活性剂对剩余污泥产酸的影响,结果表明,2种表面活性剂均能较大幅度地提高剩余污泥生产有机酸的产量.在污泥发酵的第4天,0.1g·g-1(表面活性剂与污泥干重比,下同)的两性和阳离子表面活性剂可分别使剩余污泥生产有机酸的浓度达到226.4和861.4 mg·L-1(以COD计,下同),而空白试验中生成的有机酸浓度仅为3.2 mg·L-1.同时,剩余污泥的有机酸产量随表面活性剂加入量的增加而增加.当表面活性剂的加入量低于0.2 g·g-1时,用两性表面活性剂处理的剩余污泥中有机酸浓度仅为用阳离子表面活性剂处理的剩余污泥中有机酸浓度的50%;当表面活性剂的加入量增至0.3 g·g-1时,两者的有机酸最大产量接近.此外,表面活性剂的种类和加入量对有机酸的组成分布也有一定的影响.     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

辽河水体有机污染来源判别

为探讨掌握辽河水体中有机物污染及污染水平,并通过典型有机物作为标志,进行污染来源判别。本研究采用气相色谱(GC-FID,GC-ECD)、气相色谱-质谱联机(GC-MS)技术对西辽河到红庙子12个点位的水样进行了四大类有机物分析。结果表明:辽宁省内河水石油烃类污染是非常明显且普遍的。辽河水污染是混合型的,工业含油废水排放,交通运输石油滴漏,城镇市政废水排放,工农业生产和家庭生活用煤作能源,热源等是主要污染来源。