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441.
With the development of science and technology, solid waste management has become a serious environmental problem for most communities all over the world. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) via an uncertainty approach. In this model, the system cost of solid waste management and the environmental impact are considered as the main objectives, and some necessary constraints based on the characteristics of China are included; additionally, Pollution loss theory is applied to evaluate the environmental impact.This model is applied to the City of Fo Shan, China. Compared with the primary project of Fo Shan, which is provided by the government, the results of the optimization procedure show that the overall system cost could be reduced by $1–2.4/ton, i.e., $3.7 million/yr. The model presented in this paper was proven to be an effective response to the multi-objective solid waste management problem, and provides a new technique to optimize MSW management and operation. Why is the optimization result better? By analyzing the modelling with respect to function, constraints, and results, we conclude that the profit would be augmented due to the amount of the waste that would be treated by recycling technology, which would increase rapidly during the planning time; thus, the total system cost could be reduced accordingly. 相似文献
442.
Suñe N Sánchez G Caffaratti S Maine MA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(2):467-473
The aim of this work was to determine chromium and cadmium bioaccumulation processes of two free-floating macrophytes commonly used in wetlands for water treatment: Salvinia herzogii and Pistia stratiotes. Metal removal from the solution involves two stages: a fast one and a slow one. The fast stage of the Cd uptake is significantly different for each species, while it is not significantly different in Cr uptake. The most important processes of Cd uptake are biological ones in S. herzogii and adsorption, chelation and ionic exchange are in P. stratiotes. The main processes of Cr uptake in both macrophytes are adsorption, chelation and ion exchange. The slow stage is different for each species and metal. Cr precipitation induced by roots occurs in P. stratiotes. Cr uptake through leaves is probably the main cause of the increase of Cr in the aerial parts of S. herzogii. 相似文献
443.
多普勒雷达回波在一次大暴雨中的应用分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用多部新一代天气雷达资料结合常规探空资料和逐小时的自动站资料,对2007年7月18日发生在河北省东部平原(以下简称冀东平原)的一次区域性暴雨过程进行分析。结果发现:低层中α尺度切变线的南压、东移及"人"字形辐合线是本次降水过程的主要影响系统;降水发生前西南暖湿气流和冀东平原近地层偏东风是"人"字形辐合线形成的直接原因;在不稳定层结存续条件下,急流方向上上游雷达站中尺度低空急流的脉动对下游台站的短时暴雨预报具有一定时效的指示意义。 相似文献
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446.
本文应用有限应变测量方法,结合不同变形特征分析认为,小寨组变形作用以挤压和简单剪切为主.根据磁性组构得出本区构造变形的最大压应力方向约为215°-226°,并且确认变形作用在一个大的构造旋回中至少经历两个阶段. 相似文献
447.
太阳能路灯技术的国内外研究动态及其在浙江新农村建设中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对中国太阳能利用技术的现状,分析比较了太阳能路灯在国内利用的可行性,详细介绍了浙江某示范村的太阳能路灯工程情况,并对该工程进行了经济可行性的分析。 相似文献
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449.
Su Yean Teh Donald L. DeAngelis Leonel da Silveira Lobo Sternberg Fernando R. Miralles-Wilhelm Thomas J. Smith Hock-Lye Koh 《Ecological modelling》2008
Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader. 相似文献
450.
广州帽峰山林区空气负离子动态及与环境因子的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用定位连续观测方法,研究了广州帽峰山森林公园负离子含量近5年的年、季、月变化及不同天气的变化规律,并以此对帽峰山森林公园的空气质量进行了计量评价.分析了空气负离子含量与环境因子的相关关系.结果表明:林区不同观测区的负离子含量差异较大,山下瀑布空间负离子含量最高.平均水平达达2l 729 ions.cm-3;林内负离子含量年间及月间变化不大,沟谷小溪和山中部瀑布空间由于人为干扰,负离子含量年动态呈现降低趋势,山下瀑布空间年负离子含量维持在20000 iotis·cm-3左右;负离子含量的季节差异显著,春夏季大于冬秋季,夏季最高、冬季最低.空气质量评价系数CI的最低在2月份、最高在8月份.不同天气条件下负离子含量大小顺序为下雨>晴天>阴天.负离子含量与空气温度呈正相关,与空气湿度呈正相关.与空气气压呈负相关. 相似文献